“…These programs place less emphasis on helping teachers interpret classroom interactions and student work in order to figure out and support each individual student's learning needs within a whole class lesson context (Martin, Lischka, Smith, & Lawler, 2020;Putnam & Borko, 2000;van Es & Sherin, 2002). In addition, elementary teachers in the United States are typically prepared as generalists, and they often encounter challenges with their own mathematical knowledge and possess less favorable attitudes toward mathematics (Fisher et al, 2018). Improving elementary teachers' skills to recognize interesting and rich mathematical ideas and interpret these ideas is an effective approach to strengthening their knowledge and skills in teaching mathematics (Fisher et al, 2018;Sherin, Linsenmeier, & van Es, 2009;van den Kieboom et al, 2017).…”