Noval Dual-Emission Fluorescence Carbon Dots as a Ratiometric Probe for Cu2+ and ClO− Detection

Abstract

The use of carbon dots (CDs) with dual emission based on ratiometric fluorescence has been attracting attention in recent times for more accurate ion detection since they help avoid interference from background noise, probe concentration, and complexity. Herein, novel dual-emission nitrogen-doped CDs (NCDs) were prepared by a simple method for Cu2+ and ClO- detection. The NCDs showed excellent anti-interference ability and selectivity for different emissions. In addition, a good linear relationship was observed between the fluorescence intensity (FI) of the NCD solutions in different emissions with Cu2+ (0–90 μM) and ClO- (0–75 μM). The limits of both Cu2+ detection and ClO- were very low, at 17.7 and 11.6 nM, respectively. The NCDs developed herein also showed a good recovery rate in water for Cu2+ and ClO− detection. Hence, they are expected to have a more extensive application prospect in real samples.

Advances in Carbon Dot-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for Environmental Contaminant Detection: A Review

“…The detection and quantification of heavy metal ions in the environment are crucial due to their high toxicity and potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Heavy metal ions, such as mercury (Hg 2+ ) [ 86 , 101 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 ], lead (Pb 2+ ) [ 67 , 98 , 106 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ], chromium (Cr 6+ ) [ 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 ], copper (Cu 2+ ) [ 67 , 79 , 92 , 109 , 119 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ], and silver (Ag + ) [ 78 , 117 , 131 , 132 , 133 ], can contaminate water, soil, and air through various industrial processes and human activities. Table 1 summarizes sensing of some heavy metal ions using CD-based ratiometric fluorescence probes.…”

“…This quenching phenomenon arises from the binding of metal ions to CDs, causing a non-radiative energy transfer that reduces the fluorescence intensity of the CDs ( Figure 5 c). As a result, this quenching mechanism is employed for the detection of a wide range of metal ions, including Hg 2+ [ 86 , 101 , 108 , 109 , 112 ], Ag + [ 131 , 132 ], Cr 6+ [ 120 , 121 , 122 ], and Cu 2+ [ 67 , 92 , 126 ]. Its applicability extends to various fields, including clinical diagnostics and environmental monitoring, due to its simplicity and ability to yield real-time results.…”

A Review of Dual-Emission Carbon Dots and Their Applications

“…Amino acids are a class of organic compounds containing amino and carboxylic acid which are widely used as raw materials for CD synthesis. Until now, many amino acids, including L-cystine, L-arginine, L-tryptophan, glycine, and lysine, have been used as raw materials for DE-CDs synthesis [65][66][67][68][69][70]. Zhang et al dissolved L-cystine and o-PD in 20 mL ethanol and synthesized the DE-CDs via the solvothermal method [65].…”

Dual‐Emission Fluorescent Carbon Dots Grafted by Rhodamine‐B for Selective Detection of Iron Ion and Bioimaging in Cell

“…However, the current reported fluorescent materials, such as semiconductor quantum dots [8,9] and organic fluorescent materials, have high cytotoxicity and poor water solubility, which greatly limits their application. CDs are carbon-based 0D nanomaterials with stable photoluminescent properties or phosphorescence, [10] good biocompatibility and water-solubility, [11][12][13] making them an excellent alternative to other fluorescent probe materials. [14][15][16] In recent years, CDs have been widely used in the fields of photocatalysis, [17,18] drug delivery, [19] light emitting diode [20] and fluorescence detection.…”