Novel 3D grid porous Li4Ti5O12 thick electrodes fabricated by 3D printing for high performance lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) grid porous electrodes introduce vertically aligned pores as a convenient path for the transport of lithium-ions (Li-ions), thereby reducing the total transport distance of Li-ions and improving the reaction kinetics. Although there have been other studies focusing on 3D electrodes fabricated by 3D printing, there still exists a gap between electrode design and their electrochemical performance. In this study, we try to bridge this gap through a comprehensive investigation on the effects of various electrode parameters including the electrode porosity, active material particle diameter, electrode electronic conductivity, electrode thickness, line width, and pore size on the electrochemical performance. Both numerical simulations and experimental investigations are conducted to systematically examine these effects. 3D grid porous Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) thick electrodes are fabricated by low temperature direct writing technology and the electrodes with the thickness of 1085 µm and areal mass loading of 39.44 mg·cm−2 are obtained. The electrodes display impressive electrochemical performance with the areal capacity of 5.88 mAh·cm−2@1.0 C, areal energy density of 28.95 J·cm−2@1.0 C, and areal power density of 8.04 mW·cm−2@1.0 C. This study can provide design guidelines for obtaining 3D grid porous electrodes with superior electrochemical performance.

Novel, Green, and Scalable Aqueous Synthesis of Yellow–Green Emitting Cs3Cu2Cl5 Scintillator and its Application in High‐Resolution TFT Panel for X‐Ray Imaging Detector

“…The key to the successful synthesis of Cs 3 Cu 2 Cl 5 can be ascribed to the large solubility of CsCl in H 2 O (S ≈ 197.175 g/100 g) and CuCl in HCl-H 3 PO 2 solution (S ≈ 28.989 g/100 g), whereas that of Cs 3 Cu 2 Cl 5 in the H 2 O-HCl-H 3 PO 2 solution is very small (S ≈ 7.996 g/100 g). According to the kinetic principle, [31][32][33] high concentrations of reactants and low solubility of product helps the reaction equilibrium move towards the product until the reaction reaches equilibrium. Therefore, the yield of Cs 3 Cu 2 Cl 5 prepared by this method is high (77%).…”

Recent Advances in Cryogenic 3D Printing Technologies

“…Further, the printing of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) electrodes was also reported. [114,115] The high mass loading ultrathick porous electrodes show impressive areal capacities. However, the rate capability is not ideal due to the slow kinetics resulting from the ultrathick electrode.…”

Enabling highly stable lithium metal batteries by using dual-function additive catalyzed in-built quasi-solid-state polymer electrolytes

“…7,8 Unfortunately, their practical application is still hindered by issues such as uncontrollable dendritic formation mainly stemming from repeated uneven plating/stripping of Li and the ammability of organic solvent. [9][10][11] Solid-state batteries (SSBs) that use solidstate electrolytes (SSEs) combined with a lithium (Li) metal anode were considered to be an effective method to solve the above problems due to the probability of realizing higher energy density and superior safety performance. [12][13][14] Among SSEs, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have the advantages of good plasticity, easy processability, and low interfacial resistance.…”

“…[12][13][14] Among SSEs, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have the advantages of good plasticity, easy processability, and low interfacial resistance. 11,15 Unfortunately, the poor and unstable contact between the electrode and electrolyte retards Li-ion transportation and deteriorates battery performance. 4,[16][17][18] In order to further improve the contact between the electrode and electrolyte, various strategies have been proposed to build an interface with acceptable resistance, including constructing an articial interface between electrolytes and electrodes, 12,19,20 incorporating liquid plasticizers into polymer matrices to form quasi-solid polymer electrolytes (QSPEs), 21,22 in situ polymerization, 5,[23][24][25] and so on.…”