Novel adaptations to zinc–silicate glass polyalkenoate cements: The unexpected influences of germanium based glasses on handling characteristics and mechanical properties

Composition-structure-property relationships for non-classical ionomer cements formulated with zinc-boron germanium-based glasses

“…After mixing, the cement was filled to the surface level into the mold; 60 s after the end of mixing, the whole assembly was placed into an oven (37 C); 90 s after end of mixing, an indenter (Gilmore needle of mass 400 g, flat tip Ø1 mm) was vertically placed on to the surface of the cement and allowed to remain there for 5 s. The indentation process was then repeated at 30 s intervals until the needle failed to make a complete circular indentation in the cement, when viewed using  2 magnification. 52,59,60 The W t and S t data was analyzed using Prism 5.0 software and results expressed as mean AE SD of quintuplicate determinations.…”

“…The influence of ZnO on CS is predictable as it has been shown that ZnO speeds up the setting reaction of aluminum-free GICs and fast-setting ionomers are associated with harder cements. 45,52 Interestingly, the GeO 2 content of the glass phase increases the CS of the GICs but slows down the setting reaction of the GICs. Such data provides possibilities with respect to the control and modulation of GIC properties, especially in an area where high-viscosity GICs are under active development for applications in the atruamatic restorative treatment and balancing the properties of these materials for these applications is historically challenging.…”

A Novel Glass Polyalkenoate Cement for Fixation and Stabilisation of the Ribcage, Post Sternotomy Surgery: An ex-Vivo Study

“…Therefore, their chemistry gives them the potential for use in a range of orthopedic applications [17] including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. GPCs are both biocompatible and bioactive [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26], but the presence of aluminum (Al 3+ ) in the glass phase of GPCs has restricted their use in orthopedics due to both its influence on bone mineralization [27,28] and its associated involvement in the pathogenesis of degenerative brain diseases [21,29,30]. It was reported by Carter et al [31] that the glass composition can be modified by incorporating ions which have a positive therapeutic effect upon release from the cement.…”

“…It was reported by Carter et al [31] that the glass composition can be modified by incorporating ions which have a positive therapeutic effect upon release from the cement. Hence, researchers have investigated alternative compositions of the glass phase of GPCs by utilizing elements such as zirconium (Zr), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), strontium (Sr), germanium (Ge) and titanium (Ti), often for the purposes of replacing Al 3+ [18,19,20,21,23,26]. Zr has been reported to extend the setting reaction of GPCs formulated from a glass phase containing it; an extended setting reaction of 5–10 min is usually required by the surgeon [32].…”

Methotrexate-loaded glass ionomer cements for drug release in the skeleton: An examination of composition–property relationships

“…[29][30][31][32][33][34][35] In 2013, Dickey et al was the first group to publish germanium-inclusive zinc-based GICs with a range of properties that encompasses those required for these applications, marking a major advancement in the aluminum-free GIC literature, and the first set of clinically viable GICs for use in this regard. 27 In keeping with the emerging philosophy that injectable bone cements used in the management of cancerrelated VCFs must address both the fracture and the underlying pathology, this study seeks to expand the therapeutic benefits of aluminum-free GICs through investigating their drug delivery potential. At present, given the pervasive use of GICs in dental applications, there are no reports of chemotherapeutic-loaded GICs for the treatment of VCFs.…”