Novel Agents and Approaches for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Although many agents are approved or in development for renal cell carcinoma, comparative effectiveness data are lacking. Ongoing and future head-to-head trials using appropriate comparators are essential to update renal cell carcinoma treatment guidelines. Future research should be aimed at identifying agents that improve patient outcomes and have decreased toxicity compared with currently approved agents with the goal of complete remission.

Prognostic outcome in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first-line molecular-targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Experience in real-world clinical practice in Japan

“…However, novel molecular-targeted agents have been developed based on intensive research of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of RCC and the recent introduction of these agents has revolutionized the therapeutic strategy against mRCC (2).…”

Prognostic Significance of Early Tumor Shrinkage Under Second-Line Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Multi-Institutional Study in Japan

“…During the last decade, various novel agents targeting the VEGF or mTOR signaling pathway have been introduced into clinical practice, and the widespread use of these agents has markedly improved the prognosis of patients with mRCC [1]. To date, there have been several studies assessing the prognostic significance of several parameters in patients receiving first-line molecular-targeted therapy [22,23].…”

“…The significant impact of the tumor response to a targeted agent on the subsequent prognosis in patients with mRCC has been reported [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. However, albeit significant antitumor activities from a clinical viewpoint, molecular-targeted agents have been shown to be characterized by a comparatively low level of tumor shrinkage due to the mechanisms mediating their activities against mRCC through the inhibition of angiogenesis rather than that of tumor cell proliferation [1]. These findings suggest the inappropriateness of Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), which regards tumor shrinkage C30 % as a partial response, in the discrimination of a There are significant differences in the distribution patterns of ETS among all combinations of the 5 agents except for that between temsirolimus and sorafenib patients responding to these types of agent.…”

“…In recent years, various novel agents, targeted against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, have been introduced into clinical practice for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and the use of these agents has led to marked improvement in the prognosis of patients with mRCC compared with that in the era of cytokine therapy [1]. As the first-line setting for treating mRCC patients, anti-VEGF receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are mainly used, and they usually show marked antitumor activities [2].…”

Clinical outcomes of the sequential use of pazopanib followed by everolimus for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A multicentre study in Korea

“…1,2 These agents work by targeting angiogenesis through pathways involving the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). One of these agents, pazopanib, is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets the VEGF receptor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor, and c-kit, and is approved as first-line treatment for mRCC.…”