Novel algorithm for modeling combined laser and induction welding respecting keyhole effect

Modelling the Laser Cladding of Geometrically More Complex Tracks and Its Experimental Verification

“…In doing so, some particles of metallic material evaporate and escape through the capillary and into the surrounding space. The interaction between the temperature field and the flow field is very strong here, and must be solved for in the hard-coupled formulation [24,25].…”

Model of depositing layer on cylindrical surface produced by induction-assisted laser cladding process

“…The basic heat transfer equation corresponds to (6), but now the internal volumetric losses w vanish. Heat is supposed to be delivered into the material from the spot on the surface heated by the laser beam.…”

“…They also take into account real temperature dependencies of materials and media. Nevertheless, at this stage of research, some subtle phenomena like the keyhole effect [6,8], flow of molten mixture of metals in the pool or partial vaporization of liquid metal [6] are still neglected, and their influence will be investigated in further work. Despite this fact, the results obtained are promising and agree well with relevant experiments.…”

“…Their presence may be manifested by cracks, peeling off of deposited tracks and other surface damage [4,5]. One prospective measure for suppressing high temperature gradients is inductive preheating or postheating of substrate to an appropriate temperature [6,7]. Inductive heat pretreatment exhibits many benefits such as environmental friendliness, excellent controllability and no influence on the chemical composition of heated material [8][9][10].…”