Novel and Emerging Applications of the Gyrotrons Worldwide: Current Status and Prospects

Sabchevski, S.; Glyavin, M. Yu.; Mitsudo, S.; Tatematsu, Y.; Idehara, T.

doi:10.1007/s10762-021-00804-8

Cited by 84 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…[4][5][6][7][8] These powerful radiation sources have found numerous applications in plasma heating for fusion, communication, sensing, security, and biomedical diagnostics. [9][10][11][12] Based on the feedback mechanism, gyrotron oscillators are traditionally categorized into two types the gyrotron backward-wave oscillator (gyro-BWO) and the gyromonotron. In gyro-BWO, oscillation 13 arises as the forward-moving electron beam undergoes continuous modulation through the backward radiation emitted by preceding electrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic resonance in gyrotron using non-resonant RF structure

Yang,

Yao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Physics of Plasmas

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Gyromonotrons are typically believed to rely on the convective interaction between the co-propagating beam and wave, with the extended energy-exchanging process stemming from the external feedback. However, numerous studies focusing on both transverse electric (TE) mode and transverse magnetic (TM) mode gyrotrons have consistently shown that beam–wave interactions in weak-feedback systems or even in uniform tubes without any structural feedback can yield a theoretical beam efficiency of more than 30% with major forward-wave output during near-cutoff operation, which is the typical operating condition for gyromonotrons. These intriguing findings raise questions about the actual feedback mechanism of gyromonotrons. In this article, comparative studies on the linear and nonlinear behaviors of uniform-tube gyrotron are investigated. The forward and backward waves are observed to co-generate and exhibit similar characteristics of ultra-slow group velocity under near-cutoff operation. This situation allows the as-generated forward wave to modulate the fresh beam, establishing a new backward-wave-like internal feedback loop. Additionally, the quasi-degenerate nature of the bi-directional propagating waves ensures their intrinsic in-phase relationship. The consequent constructive interference enables the uniform tube to function as a high-Q resonator. These findings are found to be independent of the choices of TE or TM modes, providing valuable insights into the underlying interaction mechanism of gyrotron devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic resonance in gyrotron using non-resonant RF structure

Yang,

Yao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Physics of Plasmas

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“…Nowadays, gyrotrons have already become irreplaceable sources for high-power applications at high frequencies. They have been presented in detail in several review papers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and the references therein describe electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH), industrial material processing, advanced spectroscopic techniques, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and experimental results of a 28 GHz, 400 kW gyrotron for electron cyclotron resonance heating

Sun

Huang

et al. 2023

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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A high power 28 GHz gyrotron has been successfully developed at Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics (IAE-CAEP). This gyrotron was designed for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) at spherical tokamak XL-50. A diode magnetron injection gun (MIG) was designed to produce the required gyrating electron beam. The gyrotron operates at the TE8,3 mode in a cylindrical open cavity. An internal quasi-optical mode converter was designed to convert the operating mode into a fundamental Gaussian wave beam and separate the spent electron beam from the outgoing microwave power. A tube has been built and successfully tested. The operational frequency of the tube is 28.1 GHz. For beam parameters at an accelerating voltage of 71 kV and beam current of 16 A, the gyrotron has delivered an output power of 400 kW, with a pulse length of 5 s. The output efficiency is about 50% with a single stage depressed collector. The gyrotron has been installed on XL-50 and played an important role in the ECRH experiments.

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“…From the point of view of such characteristics as high generation frequency and output power, compactness, the ability to provide long-pulse and continuous generation modes, narrow-band output signal, and sub-THz gyrotrons [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] are the most attractive for such applications. However, a principal disadvantage of traditional gyrotrons is that the use of high-Q, close to the cut-off value in axial modes with open cavities present as operating waves, which makes broadband frequency tuning difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar Bragg Reflectors for Frequency-Tunable Sub-Terahertz Gyrotrons

Bylinskiy,

Kalynov,

Kotomina

et al. 2023

Instruments

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A novel concept of a frequency-tuned sub-terahertz gyrotron based on a combination of an irregular low-frequency resonator and an external reflector has been proposed recently. A simulation was carried out for a fundamental-cyclotron-harmonic gyrotron that demonstrates the possibility of achieving high (10–30%) efficiencies in a wide (~10%) frequency range. A possible solution to the problem of narrow-band frequency-tunable external reflectors in the form of so-called modified planar Bragg structures is discussed. The manufacturing of such structures on the basis of a novel additive technology based on photopolymer 3D printing, as well as the results of “cold” experiments of the manufactured samples, are described in the paper.

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Novel and Emerging Applications of the Gyrotrons Worldwide: Current Status and Prospects

Cited by 84 publications

References 106 publications

Intrinsic resonance in gyrotron using non-resonant RF structure

Intrinsic resonance in gyrotron using non-resonant RF structure

Design and experimental results of a 28 GHz, 400 kW gyrotron for electron cyclotron resonance heating

Planar Bragg Reflectors for Frequency-Tunable Sub-Terahertz Gyrotrons

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