Adulteration
and mislabeling of food products and the commercial
fraud derived, either intentionally or not, is a global source of
economic fraud to consumers but also to all stakeholders involved
in food production and distribution. Legislation has been enforced
all over the world aimed at guaranteeing the authenticity of the food
products all along the distribution chain, thereby avoiding food fraud
and adulteration. Accordingly, there is a growing need for new analytical
methods able to verify that all the ingredients included in a foodstuff
match the qualities claimed by the manufacturer or distributor. In
this sense, the improved performance of most recent DNA-based tools
in term of sensitivity, multiplexing ability, high-throughput, and
relatively low-cost give them a game-changing role in food-authenticity-related
topics. Here, we provide a thorough and updated vision on the recently
reported approaches that are applying these DNA-based tools to assess
the authenticity of food components and products.