Novel Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses in Migratory Birds, China, 2013–2014

Zhou, Linan; Liu, Jing; Pei, Enle; Xue, Wen-Jie; Lyu, Jia-Min; Cai, Yin-Ting; Wu, Di; Wu, Wei; Liu, Yu-Yi; Huang, Jin; Gao, Yuwei; Wang, Zhenghuan

doi:10.3201/eid2206.151754

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Interestingly, there have been no further reports of Group B virus in Korea since the initial report in January 2014 [ 26 ]. In China, several Group B viruses reassorted with LPAI viruses and were reported during 2013–2014 mostly from domestic ducks and wild aquatic birds [ 7 29 41 53 56 ]. Novel reassortant Group B H5N8 viruses containing 5 Eurasian LPAI segments (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, and M) were identified from wild birds found dead in Qinghai Lake, China during May 2016 [ 30 ] and at Uvs-Nuur Lake in Siberia during June 2016 [ 24 ].…”

Section: Spread Of H5n8 Hpai Clade 2344 Group B 2014–2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4

et al. 2017

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Novel subtypes of Asian-origin (Goose/Guangdong lineage) H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4, such as H5N2, H5N5, H5N6, and H5N8, have been identified in China since 2008 and have since evolved into four genetically distinct clade 2.3.4.4 groups (A–D). Since 2014, HPAI clade 2.3.4.4 viruses have spread rapidly via migratory wild aquatic birds and have evolved through reassortment with prevailing local low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Group A H5N8 viruses and its reassortant viruses caused outbreaks in wide geographic regions (Asia, Europe, and North America) during 2014–2015. Novel reassortant Group B H5N8 viruses caused outbreaks in Asia, Europe, and Africa during 2016–2017. Novel reassortant Group C H5N6 viruses caused outbreaks in Korea and Japan during the 2016–2017 winter season. Group D H5N6 viruses caused outbreaks in China and Vietnam. A wide range of avian species, including wild and domestic waterfowl, domestic poultry, and even zoo birds, seem to be permissive for infection by and/or transmission of clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI viruses. Further, compared to previous H5N1 HPAI viruses, these reassortant viruses show altered pathogenicity in birds. In this review, we discuss the evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of H5 clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI viruses.

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Section: Spread Of H5n8 Hpai Clade 2344 Group B 2014–2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4

et al. 2017

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“…Usually viruses would possess a single arginine on its cleavage site, indicating low pathogenicity [38]. All H5Nx viruses share the consensus multibasic amino acid sequence of -RRRKR/G- at the HA cleavage site between HA1 and HA2, suggesting that these subtypes are highly pathogenic [12,24,25,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48].…”

Section: Emergence Of H5nxmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence and Decennary Distribution of Clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI H5Nx

et al. 2019

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Reassortment events among influenza viruses occur naturally and may lead to the development of new and different subtypes which often ignite the possibility of an influenza outbreak. Between 2008 and 2010, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 of the N1 subtype from the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96-like (Gs/GD) lineage generated novel reassortants by introducing other neuraminidase (NA) subtypes reported to cause most outbreaks in poultry. With the extensive divergence of the H5 hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of documented viruses, the WHO/FAO/OIE H5 Evolutionary Working Group clustered these viruses into a systematic and unified nomenclature of clade 2.3.4.4 currently known as “H5Nx” viruses. The rapid emergence and circulation of these viruses, namely, H5N2, H5N3, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8, and the regenerated H5N1, are of great concern based on their pandemic potential. Knowing the evolution and emergence of these novel reassortants helps to better understand their complex nature. The eruption of reports of each H5Nx reassortant through time demonstrates that it could persist beyond its usual seasonal activity, intensifying the possibility of these emerging viruses’ pandemic potential. This review paper provides an overview of the emergence of each novel HPAI H5Nx virus as well as its current epidemiological distribution.

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“…In contrast to the 2014 emerging strains, which belong to group A (A/broiler duck/Korea/Buan2/2014-like), this virus belonged to group B (A/breeder duck/Korea/Gochang1/2014-like) viruses [ 4 , 11 ]. These group B viruses had been detected previously in China and South Korea in 2014, but had not been reported since [ 3 , 12 ]. From mid-October 2016 onwards, group B lineage HPAI H5N8 viruses were detected in both India [ 13 ] and in European countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local amplification of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 viruses in wild birds in the Netherlands, 2016 to 2017

et al. 2018

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IntroductionHighly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N8 were re-introduced into the Netherlands by late 2016, after detections in south-east Asia and Russia. This second H5N8 wave resulted in a large number of outbreaks in poultry farms and the deaths of large numbers of wild birds in multiple European countries. Methods: Here we report on the detection of HPAI H5N8 virus in 57 wild birds of 12 species sampled during active (32/5,167) and passive (25/36) surveillance activities, i.e. in healthy and dead animals respectively, in the Netherlands between 8 November 2016 and 31 March 2017. Moreover, we further investigate the experimental approach of wild bird serology as a contributing tool in HPAI outbreak investigations. Results: In contrast to the first H5N8 wave, local virus amplification with associated wild bird mortality has occurred in the Netherlands in 2016/17, with evidence for occasional gene exchange with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. Discussion: These apparent differences between outbreaks and the continuing detections of HPAI viruses in Europe are a cause of concern. With the current circulation of zoonotic HPAI and LPAI virus strains in Asia, increased understanding of the drivers responsible for the global spread of Asian poultry viruses via wild birds is needed.

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Novel Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses in Migratory Birds, China, 2013–2014

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4

Evolution, global spread, and pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4

The Emergence and Decennary Distribution of Clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI H5Nx

Local amplification of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 viruses in wild birds in the Netherlands, 2016 to 2017

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