“…The angle modulated DE (AMDE) makes use of angle modulation, a technique derived from the telecommunications industry, to implement a mapping between binary and continuous spaces (Engelbrecht & Pampara, 2007). Many approaches operate the binary space directly and design new mutation schemes for the representation (Chen et al, 2015;Deng et al, 2011;Peng et al, 2016). Some alternative approaches don't design analogs of operators in continuous DE, but develop new operators while maintaining the general DE's scheme (Banitalebi et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2012).…”