Novel carbon nanofibers of high graphitization as anodic materials for lithium ion secondary batteries

Yoon, Seong Ho; Park, Chul Wan; Yang, Hyun Seok; Korai, Yozo; Mochida, Isao; Baker, Rose M.; Rodríguez, N.M.

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2003.09.021

Cited by 175 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Furthermore, there seems to be a correlation between fiber density and first cycle loss, see Table I. T300 with the lowest density (1.76 g/cm 3 ) has the highest loss of about 70-80% of first cycle capacity, At a density of around 1.80 g/cm 3 (IMS65, T800, T1000) the loss is halved compared to T300, finally for M60J with the highest density (1.93 g/cm 3 ) the loss is only 16% of first cycle capacity. Since M60J is more graphitized than the rest of the fibers (see next section) the trapped Li is most likely in the amorphous regions of the fibers, and a more "loose" structure with a lower density allows for more Li to be trapped.…”

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confidence: 92%

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High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries

Hagberg

Leijonmarck

Lindbergh

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carbon fibers have the combined mechanical and electrochemical properties needed to make them particularly well suited for usage as electrodes in a structural lithium-ion battery, a material that simultaneously works as a battery and a structural composite. Presented in this paper is an evaluation of commercial polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers in terms of capacity and coulombic efficiency, as well as a microstructural and surface evaluation. Some polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers intercalate lithium ions, resulting in a similar capacity as state-of-the-art graphite based electrodes, presently the most commonly used negative electrode material. Using high precision coulometry, we found a capacity of around 250-350 mAh/g and a very high coulombic efficiency of over 99.9% after ten cycles, which is even higher than a commercial state-of-the art graphitic electrode evaluated as reference. The high coulombic efficiency is attributed to the very low surface area of the carbon fibers, resulting in a small and stable solid-electrolyte interface layer. A highly graphitized ultra high modulus carbon fiber was evaluated as well and, compared to the other fibers, less lithium was inserted (corresponding to approximately 150 mAh/g). We show that the use of carbon fibers as an electrode material in a structural composite battery is indeed viable. The demand for new and improved battery technologies is continuously rising. In particular the electrification of the transportation sector needs innovative new solutions to develop and meet new demands. Much research is dedicated to pushing the limits of lithium (Li)-ion batteries in terms of energy, power, safety, cost, lifetime and environmental aspects.Improving graphite and other carbon based electrodes has been extensively researched since the beginning of the 90s since they are the dominating type of negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries.1-5 Another way of improving the effectiveness at a system level is through so called multifunctional battery technologies. The idea is to let the battery perform several functions, in particular carry a mechanical load and still maintain the energy storage function. The weight at a system level can be reduced, and a performance enhancement can be achieved, even if the battery function is not on par with conventional state of the art Li-ion batteries. Batteries could be included as an integral part of the structure in different kinds of vehicles, such as cars or even airplanes. Multifunctionality of materials for battery and capacitor applications has been researched in various ways for a number of years. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

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confidence: 92%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Another way of improving the effectiveness at a system level is through so called multifunctional battery technologies. The idea is to let the battery perform several functions, in particular carry a mechanical load and still maintain the energy storage function.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries

Hagberg

Leijonmarck

Lindbergh

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Since the platelet carbon nanofilaments have numbers of exposed graphene edge sites, the materials are of considerable interest as catalysts [21] and electrodes for lithium ion batteries [22]. In fact, the authors have found that the carbon nanofilaments prepared by this method reveals a high rate capability as an anode of lithium ion batteries [23].…”

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confidence: 99%

Structure of the carbon nanofilaments formed by liquid phase carbonization in porous anodic alumina template

Habazaki

Kiriu

Hayashi

et al. 2007

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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Platelet structure carbon nanofilaments of ~30 nm in diameter have been prepared by heating a mixture of porous anodic alumina template and poly(vinyl)chloride powders in an argon atmosphere, and the change in their structure and morphology with heat treatment temperature, ranging from 600 to 2800°C, has been examined using XRD, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen gas adsorption measurements.The diameter of the carbon nanofilaments formed does not change with heat treatment temperature, being in agreement with the pore diameter of the template, while their length is reduced with the temperature. The platelet-type orientation of graphene layers is evident even at 600 o C with the layer structure further developing with increasing heat treatment temperature. The carbon nanofilaments formed at lower temperatures have micropores, while those formed at higher temperatures do not have porosity. Highly graphitized carbon nanofilaments have been obtained after heat treatment at 2800°C, with another characteristic structural feature being presence of loops at the edge of graphene layers formed at 2800°C.

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“…1 (d) and (f) exhibit that the graphene layers of C-1 and C-2 are perpendicular to the long axis of pore walls. Similar to platelet carbon nanofibers, many loops (8-10 carbon layers inter-connected to form a loop), which are parallel to the axial direction of nanofibers, are formed at the edge of graphene layers [13,14]. PAHS in the melted liquid crystal could possibly anchor on the internal surface of silica template, which is unaffected by carbonization process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of anode properties of two ordered mesoporous carbons with tailored crystalline structure for lithium ion batteries

Cao¹,

Hou²,

Zeng³

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Electronic and Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (2012)

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Abstract. Ordered mesoporous carbons (C-1 and C-2) with tailored pore size and defined crystal orientation are prepared by liquid crystal template carbonization method using AR-mesophase pitch as carbon precursors and SBA-15 as template. The topography, pore/crystalline structure are extensively characterized via high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), N 2 adsorption/desorption and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical properties of C-1 and C-2 as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are examined by galvano-statically charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Materials characterization shows that the carbons prepared in this work replicate the ordered mesoporous structure of the SBA-15 and possess tailored crystalline structure with graphene layers perpendicular to the axial of pore walls. The carbons both display preferable anode performance for LIBs. However, C-2 with thicker pore wall exhibits better properties than C-1 with larger pore size. Possible reasons for different properties are the influence of the pore structure and wall thickness of as-prepared mesoporous carbons.

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Novel carbon nanofibers of high graphitization as anodic materials for lithium ion secondary batteries

Cited by 175 publications

References 37 publications

High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries

High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries

Structure of the carbon nanofilaments formed by liquid phase carbonization in porous anodic alumina template

A comparative study of anode properties of two ordered mesoporous carbons with tailored crystalline structure for lithium ion batteries

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