Novel core–shell TiO₂microsphere scattering layer for dye-sensitized solar cells

Carbon nanotubes hybrid carbon counter electrode for high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells

“…With the EIS tests, the carbon samples were scanned at zero bias potential and 10 mV amplitude over the frequency range from 100 mHz to 1 MHz. The active area is 0.16 cm 2 of the solar cells [11,12,32] 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Morphology of CEs Figure 2 depicts the SEM surface morphologies of the carbon nanotubes hybrid carbon paste with different mass fraction (0, 20, 25, 30 and 35 wt%, respectively). As is shown in Fig.…”

“…Of all the components, CE plays an indispensable role of transport electrons. For most of DSSCs reported so far, the most widely used CE material is platinum (Pt) for its high efficiency [10][11][12]. However, with the low abundance and high price of Pt, undoubtedly, the DSSC can hardly realize large-scale production [11,13,14].…”

A hierarchical homogeneous core–shell structure of TiO2 hollow microspheres for high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells

“…Wang et al prepared the hollow shell-in-shell TiO 2 microspheres and gained a high efficiency of 9.10% [11]. Zhu et al introduced the core-shell TiO 2 as the light-scattering layer and got an efficiency of 8.22% [13]. Jiang et al introduced spherical multi-hollow TiO 2 nanostructures and achieved a high efficiency of 8.25% [17].…”

“…Because of their similarly excellent performance as mesoporous spheres, the core-shell structure is an alternative candidate for the light-scattering layers [12][13][14][15][16]. The unique core-shell structure can enhance light-harvesting efficiency, attributed to the multiple reflections of the incident light within the interior cavity of the multi-shelled hollow structure and the light-scattering at out surface of microspheres.…”

“…A general approach to fabricate core-shell TiO 2 hollow spheres accompanies the use of removable or sacrificial templates [13,[18][19][20][21][22]. They suffer from many disadvantages such as high cost, tedious procedure and collapse of the hollow structure when removing the templates, which can hinder the large-scale industrial applications.…”