Novel Cytochrome P450 Genes, CYP6EB1 and CYP6EC1, Are Over-Expressed in Acrinathrin-Resistant <I>Frankliniella occidentalis</I> (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Abstract

Control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is a serious problem for agriculture all over the world because of the limited range of insecticides that are available. Insecticide resistance in F. occidentalis has been reported for all major insecticide groups. Our previous studies showed that cytochrome P450-mediated detoxification is a major mechanism responsible for insecticide resistance in this pest. Degenerate polymerase chain reaction was used to identify P450 genes that might be involved in acrinathrin resistance, in a laboratory population of F. occidentalis. Associated sequences were classified as belonging to the CYP4 and CYP6 families. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that two genes, CYP6EB1 and CYP6EC1, were over-expressed in adults and L2 larvae of the resistant population, when compared with the susceptible population, suggesting their possible involvement in resistance to acrinathrin.

Comparative transcriptome provides molecular insight into defense-associated mechanisms against spider mite in resistant and susceptible common bean cultivars

“…O-Methylation plays key roles in plant defense following pathogen attack [32]. Additionally, the interaction network suggests the possible involvement of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes (CYP72A7 and CYP71A26) in resistance, previously reported in several studies [33,34]. In the susceptible genotype, CYP83B1 gene required for the synthesis of indole glucosinolates, was down-regulated during infestation which is not consistent with previous reports in a number of researches [27,35].…”

Genome-enabled insights into the biology of thrips as crop pests

“…Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a large, ancient superfamily of enzymes identified in all domains of life and are involved in the metabolism of multiple substrates with prominent roles in hormone synthesis and breakdown, development, and detoxification [82, 83]. In agricultural systems, F. occidentalis has shown a propensity for developing resistance to insecticides commonly utilized to manage this species, and P450s have been specifically implicated in the detoxification of insecticides by F. occidentalis [84, 85]. Within the F. occidentalis genome, we identified and classified (CYP nomenclature) a relatively large number of P450s (130 models compiled into 89 complete genes, 23 partial sequences) of 24 different CYP families ( Additional file 2: Table S13 ), where, like in other insects, the CYP4 and CYP6 gene families are overrepresented – these families include members frequently associated with the breakdown of toxic plant products and insecticides [84].…”

“…In agricultural systems, F. occidentalis has shown a propensity for developing resistance to insecticides commonly utilized to manage this species, and P450s have been specifically implicated in the detoxification of insecticides by F. occidentalis [84, 85]. Within the F. occidentalis genome, we identified and classified (CYP nomenclature) a relatively large number of P450s (130 models compiled into 89 complete genes, 23 partial sequences) of 24 different CYP families ( Additional file 2: Table S13 ), where, like in other insects, the CYP4 and CYP6 gene families are overrepresented – these families include members frequently associated with the breakdown of toxic plant products and insecticides [84]. Phylogenetic analysis revealed expansions in clan CYP 3 (CYP6 gene family) and clan CYP4 within F. occidentalis ( Additional file 1: Section 7.1, Fig S7.1 ).…”

“…The majority of annotated F. occidentalis P450s showed relatively low amino acid identity to other insect P450s ( Additional file 1: Section 7.1, Table S7.2 ), a common aspect of insect genomes [86]. Given the already described importance of P450s in insecticide resistance [84, 85], the importance of insecticides in the management of thrips species [84], and the multitude of plant defense compounds encountered during the their phytophagous lifestyle [83], knowledge of the diversity of P450s present within the F. occidentalis genome is likely essential for optimizing management of this important agricultural pest. The annotation of these P450 genes will enable future functional studies in F. occidentalis related to the detoxification of insecticidal and plant defense compounds.…”

Effects of phenol on metabolic activities and transcription profiles of cytochrome P450 enzymes inChironomus kiinensislarvae

“…For example, CYP1A is one of the CYPs involved in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated oxidation of xenobiotics, such as benzo( a )pyrene (B a P) (Nakata et al, 2006); the expression of CYP1A mRNA, and the protein, has been used as a sensitive biomarker for B a P (Van der Oost et al, 2003). The CYP6 families in terrestrial invertebrates have frequently been shown to play a role in the detoxification of xenobiotics and metabolic resistance to insecticides (Liu et al, 2010; Poupardin et al, 2010; Cifuentes et al, 2012; Musasia et al, 2013; Edi et al, 2014; Sun et al, 2014). However, the response of CYP6 in aquatic invertebrates to environmental pollutants has rarely been studied.…”