Novel Design Space of Broadband High-Efficiency Parallel-Circuit Class-EF Power Amplifiers

Liu, Chang; Zhang, Hao; Chen, Wenhua; Ghannouchi, Fadhel M.

doi:10.1109/tcsi.2022.3177283

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These designs are manufactured with the same devices (CGH40010F). Overall, the NC-E PA achieves comparable bandwidth and efficiency, and its gain and output power performance are better than other designs with similar bandwidth and DE at high frequencies Besides, It is important to note that although the literature 25 achieves a higher peak drain efficiency, it operates at the Class-C bias point. As a result, its linearity is compromised, and it cannot be effectively driven with small signals.…”

Section: Implementation and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 94%

A new continuous Class‐E mode based on the general theory of high‐efficiency continuous power amplifier

Wei

Luo

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryBy multiplying with the continuous factor (CF), the conventional Class‐, Class‐J power amplifier (PA) can be expanded to their corresponding continuous modes, resulting in a great degree of freedom for broadband design. However, this method can hardly apply to other types of PAs. In view of this problem, the continuous mode is deeply analyzed from the perspective of equation solving for the first time, and a general theory for high‐efficiency broadband continuous PA design is proposed. In this theory, the continuous impedance space does not rely on a mapping relationship achieved by multiplying with the CF, but on a direct solution of the high‐efficiency equations to obtain the broadband design space. This approach is simpler and has the potential to provide greater design space. As a validation, this theory is used for the analysis of Class‐E PAs and a new continuous Class‐E (NC‐E) PA is presented. With knee‐point voltage and finite harmonics taken into account, this type of PA greatly expands the broadband design space of Class‐E PAs and also has the advantage of harmonic matching. The NC‐E PA is designed and manufactured using GaN HEMT CGH40010F, which achieves 40.6–41.6 dBm output power and 66.2%–74.2% drain efficiency (DE) in the frequency band of 2.5–3.8 GHz.

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Section: Implementation and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 94%

A new continuous Class‐E mode based on the general theory of high‐efficiency continuous power amplifier

Wei

Luo

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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“…where γ is the variable parameter, whose value is between -1 and 1. Ropt is the optimum load impedance of the used device that can be calculated as 𝑅 opt = 2(𝑉 𝐷𝐶 −𝑉 𝐾 ) 𝐼 𝑚𝑎𝑥 (7) where VK is the knee voltage of the transistor. Imax refers to the maximum current of the device used.…”

Section: Continuous Class-ef Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It contributes greatly to the efficiency of the transmitter system. Many high-efficiency power amplifiers operating modes have been proposed, such as switching mode class-E [1][2][3], harmonic tuning mode class-F [4][5][6], and hybrid mode class-EF [7][8]. The theoretical efficiency of these power amplifier modes can reach 100%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier based on continuous class-EF mode

Luo,

Zhang,

Xuan

et al. 2024

IEICE Electron. Express

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This paper proposes a methodology to design broadband highefficiency power amplifiers. A novel continuous mode is proposed through combination the continuous class-F mode and the traditional class-EF mode under certain conditions. Thus, the advantages of wide bandwidth and high efficiency can be integrated into one power amplifier, that is, the proposed continuous mode class-EF power amplifier mode. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier operating at 1.5-3.0 GHz is designed and implemented based on the CGH40010F GaN transistor. Measurements indicate that the saturated output power is greater than 40.2 dBm, drain efficiency is between 63% and 70%, gain exceeds 10 dB, across the whole frequency range.

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“…Finally, Load‐Pull and Source‐Pull simulations are utilized to tune and optimize the preliminary circuit design. This step is necessary because it reduces the inaccuracies associated with approximate parasitic models and nonlinear parameters and further improves performance 19 . The input matching circuit is also designed with a similar method, and the final circuit schematic is shown in Figure 3C.…”

Section: Continuous Class‐ef Pa Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A continuous Class‐EF power amplifier based on the general continuous mode design theory

Wei

Luo

2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryContinuous mode provides better bandwidth performance and constant efficiency by offering greater design flexibility in fundamental and harmonics. However, this mode is mainly applicable to limited classes of power amplifiers (PAs) (such as Class‐F, Class‐J, and their derived types). In view of this problem, this paper proposes a general design theory for high‐efficiency broadband continuous PAs, which can easily extend any waveform of PAs to obtain the continuous impedance space. In theoretical analysis, first, the high‐efficiency equations are analyzed from the perspective of frequency domain. Furthermore, combining time domain constraints, a general continuous mode analysis and solution theory is presented. The theory is applied to the bandwidth expansion of Class‐EF PAs, resulting in a new continuous Class‐EF (C‐EF) mode that maintains constant efficiency while offering greater broadband design freedom. The proposed theory is verified by fabricating a C‐EF PA using GaN HEMT CGH40010F, which demonstrated output power (Pout) ranging from 39.5 to 41.2 dBm and drain efficiency (DE) of 69.5% to 79.2% in the frequency range of 2.5–3.6 GHz.

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Novel Design Space of Broadband High-Efficiency Parallel-Circuit Class-EF Power Amplifiers

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

A new continuous Class‐E mode based on the general theory of high‐efficiency continuous power amplifier

A new continuous Class‐E mode based on the general theory of high‐efficiency continuous power amplifier

Design of a broadband high-efficiency power amplifier based on continuous class-EF mode

A continuous Class‐EF power amplifier based on the general continuous mode design theory

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