Novel gas and contamination sensor materials from polyamide-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-grafted carbon black

Iwata, Hiromitsu; Nakanoya, T.; Morohashi, Haruo; Chen, Jin Hua; Yamauchi, Takeshi; Tsubokawa, Norio

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2005.03.111

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[20][21][22][23] In this paper, to improve the dispersibility of CMC in solvents and polymer matrices, we investigated the grafting of PEG onto CMC surface by the direct condensation of carboxyl groups in the presence of DCC or Sc(OTf) 3 as shown in Scheme 1. In addition, the grafting of polymers during the cationic polymerization of initiated by carboxyl groups on CMC was examined as shown in Scheme 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Grafting of Polymers onto Carbon Microcoil by Use of Carboxyl Groups on the Surface and Electric Properties of Conductive Composite Prepared from Silicone Rubber with the Polymer-Grafted Carbon Microcoil

Morohashi

Takahashi

Nishida

et al. 2007

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Carboxyl groups were successfully introduced on carbon microcoil (CMC) surface by the treatment with nitric acid. The carboxyl group content increased with increasing reaction time and reached to 1.34 mmol/g after 10 h. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was grafted onto the CMC surface by the reaction of carboxyl groups with terminal hydroxyl groups of PEG in the presence of condensing agent such as N,N 0 -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or Lewis acid catalyst such as scandium (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate. Carboxyl groups on CMC surface have ability to initiate the cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers, such as isobutyl vinyl ether and N-vinylcarbazole and the corresponding polymers were grafted onto the surface. By grafting of polymers onto the surface, the entanglement of CMC was effectively destroyed and polymer-grafted CMC uniformly dispersed in good solvents for grafted polymer and silicone rubber. The inductance, capacitance, and resistance of conductive composite prepared from polymer-grafted CMC responded to acetone vapor. The inductance of the composite from polymer-grafted CMC increased in acetone vapor, and returned to initial value when it was transferred into air. The capacitance and resistance of the composite decreased in acetone vapor, and returned to initial value when it was transferred into air.

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confidence: 99%

Grafting of Polymers onto Carbon Microcoil by Use of Carboxyl Groups on the Surface and Electric Properties of Conductive Composite Prepared from Silicone Rubber with the Polymer-Grafted Carbon Microcoil

Morohashi

Takahashi

Nishida

et al. 2007

Polym J

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“…In the presence of CB, the polymer radicals formed by c radiation were trapped by CB to give polymer grafted CB (Chen et al, 2002a(Chen et al, , 2003Iwata et al, 2006). Radiation-based grafting has many advantages over the other grafting methods such as no need of catalysts or additives to maintain the purity of final products.…”

Section: Trapping Of Polymer Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiation-based grafting has many advantages over the other grafting methods such as no need of catalysts or additives to maintain the purity of final products. Iwata et al reported that polyacrylamide-b-polyethylene oxide (PAM-b-PEO) was grafted onto the surface of CB under c radiation with grafting percentage of 3.4 -6.6 % (Iwata et al, 2006). In their work, PAM-b-PEO was first adsorbed onto the surface of CB, and then under the temperature above the melting point of PAM-b-PEO, radicals created by radiation were captured by CB.…”

Section: Trapping Of Polymer Radicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Research Progress on Polymer Grafted Carbon Black and Its Novel Applications

Ding

Wang

Yang

et al. 2013

International Polymer Processing

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Polymer grafting of carbon black (CB) has been intensely researched as polymer modificationi so ne of the effective means for improving the solubility and compatibility of carbon black. Recent advances in the polymer grafting methods allow the introduction of polymers with well controlled composition, structure and molecular weight onto the surface of CB. In addition, modification by functional polymers provides ap owerful impetus to extend the applications of polymer-CB composites such as sensitive materials. This review focuses on the development of these grafting polymerization methods and some novel applications of polymer grafted CB. 1I ntroductionCarbon black (CB) is the aggregate of carbon nanoparticles having ad iameter distribution from 10 to 400 nanometers. It is composed of 90 to 99 %c arbon and other elements such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur. CB has been widely applied as pigments, reinforcingagent of rubber (Mahapatra and Tripathy, 2006), electromagnetic interference shielding materials (Mohanraj et al., 2006), antistatic materials and positive temperature coefficient materials (Oakey et al., 1999). Although it is so useful, the poor dispersibility and compatibility of CB in polymer matrices and solvents (especially in water) are still drawbacks that have to be overcome.The poor dispersibility and compatibility of CB are usually attributed to the strong tendency of CB nanoparticles to undergo agglomeration due to Van der Waals interactions.To improve the stability of CB in solvents and polymer matrices, many approaches such as oxidation of CB (by ozone, nitric oxide, oxygen, fluorine, hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite solution) and physical encapsulation of CB by polymers or surfactants were employed (Bechthold et al., 2000;Gabrielli et al., 1996;Li et al., 2003a;Li et al., 2005; Nagai et al., 1999;Xu et al., 2005). However, CB treated by these methods lacks the long-term dispersibility or compatibility.The oxidation effect will diminish when encountering impurities, and the physical encapsulation is also unreliable for the progressive detachment of polymers or surfactants from CB particles. Compared to the above methods, polymer grafting has been proved to be apromising approach to improve the solubility of CB. In this paper, the development of polymer grafting strategies to functionalize CB and some novel applications of polymer grafted CB were reviewed. 2P olymer Grafting MethodCB is composed of quasi-graphitic structural units and each carbon atom in the quasi-graphite lamella is on the symmetrical hexagon plane. The arrangement of the quasi-graphite lamella is out of order. CB primarily consists of carbon but heteroatoms, for example, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen would mingle in CB during its preparation.T hese heteroatoms exist in avariety of functional groups that include carboxyl, hydroxyl, quinone and lactonic group, which are the predominant functionalites on the surface of CB (Langley et al., 2006), as illustrated in Fig. 1.Because of the strong Van der Waals interacti...

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“…As a good hydrophilicity is required in its application fields, preparing stable dispersions of CB in aqueous medium by a low cost, technically straightforward and environment‐friendly method is of great importance and in urgent needs. Until now, several methods have been developed to improve the hydrophilicity of CB in aqueous medium, such as oxide treatment, graft modification, and surface coating, etc. Oxidation reaction could not provide CB excellent dispersity in water ascribed to the limited carboxyl group and hydroxyl group on the surface of CB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on properties of natural rubber reinforced by poly(sodium‐4‐styrenesulfonate)‐decorated carbon black with a latex compounding technique

Jin

Mao

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Natural rubber filled with poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)-decorated carbon black (CB) by employing a latex compounding technique was prepared. The result of scanning electron microscope demonstrated that CB was uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Comparing to traditional dry compounding, an improvement in physical and mechanical properties was observed in the composites attributed to the homogeneous distribution of CB in matrix and an augment of bound rubber. Owing to the changes of the physical properties of CB surface, vulcanizate filled with oxidized CB via latex way exhibited higher mechanical properties. The resulting vulcanizates displayed a diminished interaction between fillers based on the consequence of strain dependence of storage modulus. Furthermore, a splendid wet-skid resistance was obtained in vulcanizates fabricated by latex compounding technique in comparison with vulcanizates prepared by traditional dry compounding.

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Novel gas and contamination sensor materials from polyamide-block-poly(ethylene oxide)-grafted carbon black

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Grafting of Polymers onto Carbon Microcoil by Use of Carboxyl Groups on the Surface and Electric Properties of Conductive Composite Prepared from Silicone Rubber with the Polymer-Grafted Carbon Microcoil

Grafting of Polymers onto Carbon Microcoil by Use of Carboxyl Groups on the Surface and Electric Properties of Conductive Composite Prepared from Silicone Rubber with the Polymer-Grafted Carbon Microcoil

Recent Research Progress on Polymer Grafted Carbon Black and Its Novel Applications

Study on properties of natural rubber reinforced by poly(sodium‐4‐styrenesulfonate)‐decorated carbon black with a latex compounding technique

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