Novel insights into non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dementia: insulin resistance, hyperammonemia, gut dysbiosis, vascular impairment, and inflammation

Cheon, So Yeong; Song, Jeong Sup

doi:10.1186/s13578-022-00836-0

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 203 publications

(300 reference statements)

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“…Researches have shown that embedding catgut in specific parts of the skin (acupoint catgut embedding therapy) can continuously generate benign stimulation, affect neurotransmitters and local circulation, repair damaged neural loop networks, restore normal central function, regulate immunity, and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors (5)(6)(7). Besides, our early works and others have demonstrated that inflammation plays an important role in the development of VD (8)(9)(10)(11). Tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4) is a kind of toll-like receptor (TLR), which is an important pattern recognition receptor expressed in innate immune cells.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Acupoint catgut embedding improves learning and memory impairment in vascular dementia rats

Zhu¹,

Li²,

Wei³

et al. 2023

Ann Transl Med

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Background Vascular dementia (VD) is a disease that affects brain function through cerebrovascular disease. Due to its complex pathogenesis, there is no effective drug treatment for VD. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of acupoint catgut embedding in the treatment of rats with VD and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods A modified 4 vessel occlusion (4-VO) method was used to establish a VD model rat, and spatial learning and memory ability was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) test. The protein expression levels were detected by Western blot. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used for histological analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for analysis of serum inflammatory factors. Results We successfully constructed VD model rats with spatial learning and memory impairment, hippocampus injury, and high inflammatory response. Treatment of VD rats with acupoint catgut embedding significantly reduced escape latency and increased the time in the target quadrant and platform crossing times. VD-mediated hippocampal tissue damage and inflammatory reaction [down-regulating interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were significantly alleviated by acupoint catgut embedding treatment. In addition, further mechanism exploration found that acupoint catgut embedding treatment could improve the activity of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In summary, acupoint catgut embedding treatment improved spatial learning and memory loss, alleviated pathological damage of the hippocampus, and inhibited inflammation response in VD rats, which was probably related to the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions Acupoint catgut embedding may warrant further study as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of VD.

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Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Acupoint catgut embedding improves learning and memory impairment in vascular dementia rats

Zhu¹,

Li²,

Wei³

et al. 2023

Ann Transl Med

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“…The pool of available data points toward the strong linkage between the development and onset of AD and liver dysfunction and the consequent systemic metabolism pathologies [ 161 , 162 ]. Nho et al [ 163 ] have correlated aberrant liver function (represented by the activities of serum-based liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)) in 1,500 AD patients to more significant brain atrophy detected by MRI, disrupted brain glucose metabolism measured by 18 F-FDG PET, and increased Aβ accumulation showed by 18 F-florbetapir PET.…”

Section: Ad As Insulinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Methods Applicable in the Diagnostics of Alzheimer’s Disease, Considering the Involvement of Insulin Resistance

Hnilicová

Kantorová

Šutovský

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease and the most frequently diagnosed type of dementia, characterized by (1) perturbed cerebral perfusion, vasculature, and cortical metabolism; (2) induced proinflammatory processes; and (3) the aggregation of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins. Subclinical AD changes are commonly detectable by using radiological and nuclear neuroimaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Furthermore, other valuable modalities exist (in particular, structural volumetric, diffusion, perfusion, functional, and metabolic magnetic resonance methods) that can advance the diagnostic algorithm of AD and our understanding of its pathogenesis. Recently, new insights into AD pathoetiology revealed that deranged insulin homeostasis in the brain may play a role in the onset and progression of the disease. AD-related brain insulin resistance is closely linked to systemic insulin homeostasis disorders caused by pancreas and/or liver dysfunction. Indeed, in recent studies, linkages between the development and onset of AD and the liver and/or pancreas have been established. Aside from standard radiological and nuclear neuroimaging methods and clinically fewer common methods of magnetic resonance, this article also discusses the use of new suggestive non-neuronal imaging modalities to assess AD-associated structural changes in the liver and pancreas. Studying these changes might be of great clinical importance because of their possible involvement in AD pathogenesis during the prodromal phase of the disease.

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“…Furthermore, the relationship between NAFLD/NASH and mood disorders may be bi-directional in nature as metabolic liver disease has been reported to be an independent risk factor for emerging anxiety and depression ( Labenz et al, 2020 ). Finally, NAFLD/NASH has been implicated in cognitive decline associated with dementia ( Cheon and Song, 2022 ; Hadjihambi, 2022 ; Mikkelsen et al, 2022 ), highlighting complex and yet to be clearly defined relationships among the regulation of mood/cognition, whole-body energy metabolism, and liver disease. Factors including genetic susceptibility, socioeconomic factors, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and psychiatric medications each contribute to increased prevalence of NAFLD in psychiatric populations.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/non-alcoholi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and mental illness: Mechanisms linking mood, metabolism and medicines

et al. 2022

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world and one of the leading indications for liver transplantation. It is one of the many manifestations of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome as well as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There is growing evidence linking the incidence of NAFLD with psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression mechanistically via genetic, metabolic, inflammatory and environmental factors including smoking and psychiatric medications. Indeed, patients prescribed antipsychotic medications, regardless of diagnosis, have higher incidence of NAFLD than population norms. The mechanistic pharmacology of antipsychotic-associated NAFLD is beginning to emerge. In this review, we aim to discuss the pathophysiology of NAFLD including its risk factors, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation as well as its intersection with psychiatric illnesses.

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Novel insights into non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dementia: insulin resistance, hyperammonemia, gut dysbiosis, vascular impairment, and inflammation

Cited by 31 publications

References 203 publications

Acupoint catgut embedding improves learning and memory impairment in vascular dementia rats

Acupoint catgut embedding improves learning and memory impairment in vascular dementia rats

Imaging Methods Applicable in the Diagnostics of Alzheimer’s Disease, Considering the Involvement of Insulin Resistance

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and mental illness: Mechanisms linking mood, metabolism and medicines

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