Novel Insights into the Role of Probiotics in Respiratory Infections, Allergies, Cancer, and Neurological Abnormalities

Abstract

In recent years, probiotics have attracted public attention and transformed the social perception of microorganisms, convening a beneficial role/state on human health. With aging, the immune system, body physiology, and intestinal microbiota tend to change unfavorably, resulting in many chronic conditions. The immune-mediated disorders can be linked to intestinal dysbiosis, consequently leading to immune dysfunctions and a cluster of conditions such as asthma, autoimmune diseases, eczema, and various allergies. Probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species are considered probiotic species that have a great immunomodulatory and anti-allergic effect. Moreover, recent scientific and clinical data illustrate that probiotics can regulate the immune system, exert anti-viral and anti-tumoral activity, and shields the host against oxidative stress. Additionally, microbiota programming by probiotic bacteria can reduce and prevent the symptoms of respiratory infections and ameliorate the neurological status in humans. This review describes the most recent clinical findings, including safe probiotic therapies aiming to medicate respiratory infections, allergies, cancer, and neurological disorders due to their physiological interconnection. Subsequently, we will describe the major biological mechanism by which probiotic bacteriotherapy expresses its anti-viral, anti-allergic, anticancer, and neuro-stimulatory effects.

The Probiotics in Pediatric Asthma Management (PROPAM) Study in the Primary Care Setting: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial with Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS01 (DSM 22775) and Bifidobacterium breve B632 (DSM 24706)

“…This imbalance may lead to a dysregulated immunological response in several organs, including the lung [ 23 ]. Probiotic strains can modulate the immune system by restoring a physiologic type-1 response, dampening inflammation, and reactivating eubiosis [ 7 ]. Examples include a demonstrating the inefficacy of a one-year consumption of fermented milk with Lactobacillus casei in 187 asthmatic preschoolers [ 24 ], and another in which Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG use reduced episodes in infants with at least two wheezing episodes and family atopy [ 25 ].…”

“…The present findings emphasize the importance of selecting strains, since both used here showed positive effects in other disease models [ 14 – 17 ]. The L salivarius strain also can produce tolerogenic peptides, restore the physiological type-1 polarization, expand T regulatory cells, and improve epithelial barrier function [ 7 – 9 ].…”

“…Thus, dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity dysregulate the bidirectional crosstalk across the gut-lung axis [ 6 ]. This axis provides a rational for understanding how oral supplements could improve respiratory illness [ 7 ]. These concepts have paved the way for manipulating the immune system using nonpharmacological remedies including probiotics.…”

The Contribution of Gut Microbiota and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Development of Arterial Hypertension in Animal Models and in Humans

“…This modification causes an interruption of the intestinal barrier function and the likelihood of toxin accumulation [ 118 ]. The integration of probiotics and prebiotics has been shown to have protective effects on health, with a reduction in chronic inflammation and increase in longevity [ 119 , 120 ]. This important observation highlights the importance of the gut microbiota in maintaining general health [ 121 ].…”

Apost hocanalysis on the effects of a probiotic mixture on asthma exacerbation frequency in schoolchildren

“…Probiotics are defined as “live microorganisms which confer a beneficial effect on the host”, according to the World Health Organization [ 8 ]. A significant body of evidence supports probiotics in allergic diseases, including asthma [ 9 ]. In this regard, Bifidobacterium breve B632 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS01 were effective in patients with atopic dermatitis and urticaria [ 10 , 11 ].…”