Novel liposome systems based on the incorporation of (perfluoroalkyl) alkenes (FmHnE) into the bilayer of phospholipid liposomes

Insertion of semifluorinated diblocks on DMPC and DPPC liposomes. Influence on the gel and liquid states of the bilayer

“…It has been addressed in several reports using a variety of experimental techniques [13,17,18] and reaching the same general conclusion, namely that the fluorinated diblocks form a layer in the core of the lipid bilayer. Also, recent molecular dynamic simulations at the water/air interface detected the formation of two pseudo-phases, one rich in the hydrocarbon tail of the F n H m and the other with high fluorocarbon tail concentration [19].…”

On the carrier properties of perfluoropolyether–betaine mixed vesicles: the contribution of electron spin resonance spectroscopy

“…Mixed vesicles obtained by combining standard phospholipids and hydrocarbon/fluorocarbons diblocks indeed show greater stability with respect to usual hydrocarbon vesicles. This proves that the fluorinated segments are tightly organized within the bilayer [15,16]. For recent reviews concerning fluorinated amphiphiles and their use as drug carriers and delivery systems see Refs.…”

Cationic–anionic vesicle templating from fluorocarbon/fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon/fluorocarbon surfactants

“…The reduced permeability and increased stability of vesicle bilayers with the incorporation of fluorinated chains highlights the hydrophobic and lipophobic nature of the fluorinated chain [41]. For example, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposome bilayers with incorporated perfluoroalkyl chains exhibited significantly less permeability to a hydrophilic fluorescent marker, carboxyfluorescein, encapsulated in the aqueous core of the liposomes [39]. Similarly, an increased ratio of fluorinated to hydrocarbon segments in a liposome bilayer reduces the partitioning of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidyloxy (TEMPO), a probe molecule which is both hydrophilic and lipophilic, from the aqueous core of phosphatidylcholine liposomes through the lipidic bilayer to the external aqueous phase [42].…”

“…In addition, the bulkiness and stiffness of the fluorinated carbon chains restricts random motion of the chains resulting in trans-conformation as opposed to gauche chain type packing in the bilayer [29,30]. The tightly packed chains of fluorinated bilayers reduce permeability and provide greater membrane rigidity [39], factors that may impact their performance in potential storage, transport and material synthesis applications.…”