Novel multiresistance cfr plasmids in linezolid-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) from a hospital outbreak: co-location of cfr and optrA in VRE

Lazaris, Alexandros; Coleman, David C.; Kearns, Angela; Pichon, Bruno; Kinnevey, Peter M.; Earls, Megan R.; Boyle, Breida; O’Connell, Brian; Brennan, Gráinne I.; Shore, Anna C.

doi:10.1093/jac/dkx292

Cited by 90 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The mechanism of MRSA resistance is mainly because plasmids, or drug-resistant gene transmission mediated by plasmids, which can expand the genome and resistance genes can be transferred between S. aureus and other bacteria (Vestergaard et al, 2019). For example, MRSA can obtain drug-resistant plasmids from Enterococcus, further expanding and enhancing its resistance (Lazaris et al, 2017).…”

Section: Acquisition Of Resistance Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Guo

Song

Sun

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

551

350

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Infectious diseases are the second most important cause of human death worldwide; Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a very common human pathogenic microorganism that can trigger a variety of infectious diseases, such as skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, and lethal pneumonia. Moreover, according to the sensitivity to antibiotic drugs, S. aureus can be divided into methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In recent decades, due to the evolution of bacteria and the abuse of antibiotics, the drug resistance of S. aureus has gradually increased, the infection rate of MRSA has increased worldwide, and the clinical anti-infective treatment for MRSA has become more difficult. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the resistance mechanisms of S. aureus are very complex, especially for MRSA, which is resistant to many kinds of antibiotics. Therefore, understanding the drug resistance of MRSA in a timely manner and elucidating its drug resistance mechanism at the molecular level are of great significance for the treatment of S. aureus infection. A large number of researchers believe that analyzing the molecular characteristics of S. aureus can help provide a basis for designing effective prevention and treatment measures against hospital infections caused by S. aureus and further monitor the evolution of S. aureus. This paper reviews the research status of MSSA and MRSA, the detailed mechanisms of the intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the acquired antibiotic resistance, the advanced research on anti-MRSA antibiotics and novel therapeutic strategies for MRSA treatment.

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Section: Acquisition Of Resistance Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Guo

Song

Sun

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

551

350

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“…Sonraki yıllarda da linezolid dirençli MRSA ve VRE izolatları bildirilmeye devam etmiştir [2,15,16] . Linezolid dirençli izolatların özellikle linezolid kullanımı sonrası saptanması dikkat çekmektedir [14,17,18,19] . Santayana ve ark.…”

Section: Gereç Ve Yöntemunclassified

Temporal Changes in Linezolid Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Values in Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Genç¹,

Duymaz²,

Dündar³

2020

mjima

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Öz Giriş: Vankomisine dirençli enterokok (VRE) ve Metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) enfeksiyonları grampozitif hastane enfeksiyonları arasında ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Bu izolatların çoğu antibiyotiğe dirençli olması, tedavide kullanılabilecek antibiyotik seçeneklerini kısıtlamakta ve tedavi başarısızlığını beraberinde getirmektedir. Dirençli gram pozitif enfeksiyonların tedavisinde önemli bir seçenek olan linezolid, Türkiye'de 2006 yılında kullanıma girmiştir. Dünyada nadiren de olsa, linezolid dirençli enterokok ve stafilokok suşları bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada VRE ve MRSA izolatlarında linezolid minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonu (MİK) değerlerinde yıllar içerisinde artış olup olmadığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastane'sinde çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilmiş 2005-2009 (Grup 1) yıllarından 13 VRE, 20 MRSA, 2013-2014 (Grup 2) yıllarından 18 VRE, 20 MRSA ve 2017-2018 (Grup 3) yıllarından 7 VRE, 27 MRSA izolatının, linezolid MİK değerleri sıvı mikro dilüsyon yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standartlarına göre yorumlanmıştır. Bulgular: VRE ve MRSA izolatlarının hepsi linezolide duyarlı bulunmuştur. Her 3 gruptaki VRE izolatlarında linezolid MİK50 ve MİK90 değeri 2 mg/L olarak saptanmıştır. MRSA izolatlarında ise MİK50 değeri grup 1 de 2 mg/L, diğer gruplarda 4 mg/L bulunurken, MİK90 değeri tüm izolatlarda 4 mg/L bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Yapılan çalışmalarda, dünya genelinde linezolid direnci S. aureus ve VRE için < %1 olarak bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada da linezolide dirençli izolat tanımlanmamış, MİK50 ve MİK90 değerlerinde, ülkemizde farklı tarihlerde yapılmış çoğu çalışmaya göre belirgin bir artış olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu artış, linezolid kullanımının yıllar içinde yaygınlaşması ile beklenen bir durumdur. Dirençli gram-pozitif enfeksiyonların tedavisinde kullanılan sınırlı sayıdaki seçenekten biri olan linezolidin akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı ile düşük direnç oranlarının sürdürülmesi hedeflenmelidir. AbstractIntroduction: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are among the most common Gram-positive nosocomial infections. These isolates are resistant to most of antibiotics, restricting the antibiotic options that can be used in treatment and bring about treatment failure. Linezolid is an important option in the treatment of resistant gram-positive infections, Turkey came into use in 2006. Linezolid resistant enterococci and staphylococcus strains are rarely reported in the world. In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether there was an increase in linezolid minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in VRE and MRSA isolates over the years.

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“…More than 150 million intravascular catheters are used per year in the USA, and there are about 250,000 catheter-related infections ( 29–31 ). S. epidermidis is developing antibiotic multi-resistances such as elevated glycopeptide minimal inhibitory concentrations ( 32–34 ), and 73-88% of isolates display resistance to oxacillin, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, clindamycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ( 35–37 ). While S. epidermidis expresses many virulence factors such as toxins, proteases, enzymes, surface and extracellular proteins, and capsules ( 38 ), the formation of biofilm is the most important mechanism in infection development ( 23, 28 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-in-class matrix anti-assembly peptide prevents staphylococcal biofilmin vitroandin vivo

Borowski

Chat

Schneider

et al. 2020

Preprint

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15 Biofilm-forming bacteria are an important reservoir of nosocomial infections, and source of 16 antibiotic resistance and tolerance. These bacteria are enclosed in a complex matrix that allows 17 them to adhere to medical devices and tissue, and which also protects against antibiotics and 18 immune systems. Advances in antibiofilm strategies for targeting the biofilm matrix are therefore 19 extremely relevant in the fight against multidrug-resistant and/or -tolerant bacteria. Plants are 20 constantly attacked by a wide range of pathogens, and have protective factors such as peptides to 21 defend themselves. These peptides are common components in Capsicum red pepper seeds, and 22here we investigate and identify a new antibiofilm peptide, "capsicumicine." We demonstrate that 23 capsicumicine prevents methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion as well as biofilm 24 establishment and maintenance via a new extracellular "matrix anti-assembly" (MAA) mechanism 25 of action. In this manner, capsicumicine disturbs the construction of the matrix, and therefore its 26 functioning. Importantly, the peptide is not an antibiotic and it is not cytotoxic, thus capsicumicine 27 is an exciting new alternative treatment for prevention of biofilm infections. 28Significance 30 Both pathogenic drug resistance and tolerance are favored by biofilm development. Indeed, biofilm-31 covered microorganisms display antibiotic resistance up to 1000 times higher than planktonic ones. 32Staphylococcus epidermidis is remarkably good at forming biofilm, and is therefore highly associated 33 with medical device infection. Here, we report the discovery of "capsicumicine," a novel antibiofilm 34 peptide derived from Capsicum bacattum. This prevents the establishment of S. epidermidis biofilm 35 via a new mechanism of action, matrix anti-assembly (MAA). MAA is not antibiotic, and is based on 36 extracellular interactions that force bacteria to remain planktonic, letting immune systems and 37 2 traditional antibiotics more easily clear the infection. For this reason, MAA should confer a lower 38 susceptibility to bacterial resistance development. Very importantly, capsicumicine is not cytotoxic. 39 Introduction 40Antimicrobial failure is a worldwide challenge, currently addressed by a WHO global action plan (1). A 41 lack of new antibiotics and the inappropriate use of older treatments mean that multidrug-resistant 42 strains are increasing (2). This process is favored by biofilm development, and microorganisms 43 enclosed in biofilm matrix have antibiotic resistance that is up to 1000 times higher than planktonic 44 ones (3-5). This makes the matrix itself an important target for biofilm control. Biofilms are organized 45 microbial clusters made of a self-assembled matrix that usually attaches to a surface, whether abiotic 46 (medical devices, teeth, etc.) or biotic (host tissues, mucus, inside chronic wounds, etc.) (6, 7). Since 47 the bacteria are embedded into this self-assembled matrix, they are harder to treat because of their 4...

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Novel multiresistance cfr plasmids in linezolid-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) from a hospital outbreak: co-location of cfr and optrA in VRE

Cited by 90 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Prevalence and Therapies of Antibiotic-Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Temporal Changes in Linezolid Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Values in Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

First-in-class matrix anti-assembly peptide prevents staphylococcal biofilmin vitroandin vivo

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