Novel-object place conditioning: behavioral and dopaminergic processes in expression of novelty reward

Bevins, Rick A.; Besheer, Joyce; Palmatier, Matthew I.; Jensen, Heather C.; Pickett, Katherine S; Eurek, Sarah

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00326-6

Cited by 85 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…First, one would expect more exploratory behavior with increasing relative novelty (Bardo et al, 1993), yet there were no group differences in crossovers on the test day. Second, previous research demonstrates that rats still process environmental features while interacting with novel objects that are present during conditioning (Bevins et al, 2002). Third, rats in the present study were given three days of access to the entire apparatus in the absence of a playmate prior to conditioning, and therefore, exposure to the initially non-preferred compartment on test day without a playmate was not an entirely novel experience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…First, relative novelty affects preference behavior in favor of spending time in the more novel side (Bardo & Bevins, 2000;Bardo et al, 1993;Bardo et al, 1996;Bevins et al, 2002;Carr et al, 1989). Thus, it is possible that social interaction in the playmatepaired compartment may have interfered with the processes that render that context familiar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social reward-conditioned place preference: A model revealing an interaction between cocaine and social context rewards in rats

Thiel

Okun

Neisewander

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

149

150

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A recent thrust in drug abuse research is the influence of social interactions on drug effects. Therefore, the present study examined conditioned place preference (CPP) as a model for assessing interactions between drug and social rewards in adolescent rats. Parameters for establishing social reward-CPP were examined, including the number of conditioning sessions/day (1 or 2), the total number of sessions (2, 4, or 16), and the duration of sessions (10 or 30 min). Subsequently, the effects of cocaine or dextromethorphan on social reward-CPP and play behavior were examined. The results demonstrate that social reward-CPP (i.e., preference shift for an environment paired previously with a rat) was similar using either 1 or 2 conditioning sessions/day and either 10 or 30 min sessions; however, social reward-CPP increased as the number of social pairings increased. Additionally, a low dose of cocaine (2 mg/kg, IP) and a low number of social pairings (2 pairings) failed to produce CPP when examined alone, but together produced a robust CPP, demonstrating an interaction between these rewards. The non-rewarding drug, dextromethorphan (30 mg/kg, IP), failed to enhance social reward-CPP, suggesting that drug-enhanced social reward-CPP is specific to rewarding drugs. Surprisingly, there was no relationship between play behaviors and preference shift in drug-naïve animals. Furthermore, cocaine inhibited play behavior despite enhancing social reward-CPP, suggesting that aspects of social interaction other than play behavior likely contribute to social reward. The findings have important implications for understanding the influence of social context on cocaine reward during adolescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social reward-conditioned place preference: A model revealing an interaction between cocaine and social context rewards in rats

Thiel

Okun

Neisewander

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

149

150

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“…However, open field behavior is affected by processes other than exploratory drive, and factor analysis has long suggested that central square entry appears to be most effected by anxiety (Whimbey and Denenberg, 1967, Denenberg, 1969). In contrast, while exploration of a novel object is affected by anxiety state, it appears to be more significantly impacted by changes in exploratory drive and novelty seeking (Crawley, 1985, Bevins and Bardo, 1999, Bevins et al, 2002. Thus, novel object exploration would seem to be a more sensitive measure of exploratory drive than center entry in the open field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Chronic low dose ovine corticotropin releasing factor or urocortin II into the rostral dorsal raphe alters exploratory behavior and serotonergic gene expression in specific subregions of the dorsal raphe

et al. 2007

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Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) family peptides play key roles in integrating neural responses to stress. Both major CRF receptors have been pharmacologically identified in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a stress sensitive and internally heterogeneous nucleus supplying many forebrain regions with serotonergic input. Despite the involvement of chronic stress and serotonergic dysfunction in human mood and anxiety disorders, little is known about the effects of chronic CRF receptor activation on the DRN. We infused ovine CRF (1ng/hr), urocortin II (UCNII, 1ng/hr), or vehicle alone into rat DRN over 6 days. During infusion, animals were allowed to freely explore an open field for 15 minutes on each of two days, with the addition of a novel object on the second day. Following behavioral testing, 5-HT 1A , 5-HT 1B , serotonin transporter (SERT), and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) expression were examined through the DRN by in situ hybridization. Ovine CRF infusion resulted in significantly decreased novel object touches, climbs, as well as increased latency to first novel object contact. UCNII had a similar but less dramatic effect, decreasing only climbing behavior. Both ovine CRF and UCNII blunted the decrease in corner time expected on reexposure to the open field. Both peptides also produced regionally specific changes in gene expression: 5-HT 1A expression was increased 30% in the mid-rostral ventromedial DRN, while SERT was decreased by 30% in the mid-caudal shell dorsomedial DRN. There also appeared to be a shift in the relative level of Tph2 expression between the ventromedial and core dorsomedial DRN at the mid-rostral level. Changes in 5-HT 1A , SERT, and relative Tph2 mRNA abundance were correlated with novel object exploration. These findings suggest chronic intra-DRN administration of CRF agonists decreases exploratory behavior, while producing subregionally limited changes in serotonergic gene expression. These studies may be relevant to mechanisms underlying behavioral changes after chronic stress. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptDepression and anxiety disorders are among the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the United States (Greenberg et al., 2003). They are often comorbid, and both are highly associated with chronic exposure to stress. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that chronic and inescapable stress produce long lasting effects on brain function and behavior that play a prominent role in the development, maintenance, and recurrence of both depression and a variety of anxiety disorders (Gulley and Nemeroff, 1993, Arborelius et al., 1999, Ressler and Nemeroff, 2000.Altered serotonin neurotransmission appears to be a central mechanism inducing both depressive (Maes and Meltzer, 1995) and anxiety disorders (Ressler and Nemeroff, 2000). The majority of serotonergic fibers to forebrain regions thought to be involved in mood and anxiety regulation arise from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and median raphe nucleus (MRN) ...

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“…Of particular note, conditioning sessions with cocaine typically last 20 or 30 minutes (Brabant, Quertemont, & Tirelli, 2005;Itzhak & Martin, 2002;Kosten & Miserendino, 1998;Mueller & Stewart 2000;Zavala, Weber, Rice, Alleweireldt, & Neisewander, 2003). In contrast, novelty conditioning sessions are typically 10 or 15 minutes given the transient nature of a novel stimulus (Besheer, Jensen, & Bevins, 2002;Bevins & Bardo, 1999;Bevins et al, 2002;Douglas, Varlinskaya, & Spear, 2003). As such, we used 30-min cocaine conditioning sessions in the first phase and 10-min novelty conditioning sessions in the second experimental phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned previously, the behavioral and neurobiological processes underlying the pleasurable aspects of novelty appear to overlap with those of other rewards (Bardo, Donohew, & Harrington, 1996;Bardo & Dwoskin, 2004;Bevins, 2001;Bevins & Bardo, 1999;Bevins et al, 2002;Cain, Saucier, & Bardo, 2005;Dellu et al, 1996;Rebec et al, 1996). In a place conditioning preparation, conditioned responding is expressed similarly to cocaine and novel objects (Besheer & Bevins, 2003;Bevins, 2001;Bevins & Bardo, 1999;Douglas, Varlinskaya, & Spear, 2003;McBride et al, 1999;Mueller & Stewart, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Competition between the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine and novelty.

Reichel¹,

Bevins²

2008

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Access to novelty might provide an alternative learning history that competes with conditioned drug reward. We tested this suggestion in rats using a place conditioning procedure with cocaine and novelty. In Experiment 1, rats were conditioned with cocaine to prefer one side of an apparatus. In a subsequent phase, cocaine exposure continued; however, on the unpaired side, separate group of rats had access to novel objects, cocaine injections, or saline with no objects. Pairings with novel objects or cocaine shifted a preference away from the cocaine-paired environment during drug-free and drug-challenge tests. Experiment 2 tested novelty's impact when cocaine exposure was discontinued. The identical procedures were used except drug exposure ceased on the cocaine-paired side during the second phase. Both groups expressed a preference for the cocaine compartment. This preference was maintained for rats that did not have novel objects; however, rats that experienced novelty spent similar amounts of time in both compartments during both tests. Overall, the conditioned rewarding effects of novelty competed with those of cocaine as evidenced by a change in choice behaviors motivated by drug reward.

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Novel-object place conditioning: behavioral and dopaminergic processes in expression of novelty reward

Cited by 85 publications

References 35 publications

Social reward-conditioned place preference: A model revealing an interaction between cocaine and social context rewards in rats

Social reward-conditioned place preference: A model revealing an interaction between cocaine and social context rewards in rats

Chronic low dose ovine corticotropin releasing factor or urocortin II into the rostral dorsal raphe alters exploratory behavior and serotonergic gene expression in specific subregions of the dorsal raphe

Competition between the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine and novelty.

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