Novel Resistant Starch Type 4 Products of Different Starch Origins, Production Methods, and Amounts Are Not Equally Fermented when Fed to Sprague‐Dawley Rats

Abstract

Scope: The possible mechanisms of production of four novel resistant starch type 4 (RS4) products for total cecal fermentation in an in vivo rodent model are evaluated. Methods and results: Forty weanling rats are randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8) for a 3-week study. Starches are the RS type 4 products, as 10% of weight of RS diets (RSA-RSD), and AMIOCA starch (100% amylopectin) comprises 53.6% weight of control (CON) and 43.6% weight of RS diets. The RS products vary by percent purity and origin (potato, corn, tapioca). At euthanasia, cecal contents, serum, GI tract, and abdominal fat are collected. RSB, RSC, and RSD fed rats have greater empty cecum weights, lower cecal content pH, higher cecal content wet weight, and higher total cecal content acetate and propionate than the CON and RSA fed rats. Two other indicators of fermentation, total cecal contents butyrate and glucagon-like peptide 1, do not have significant ANOVA F values, which require more subjects for 80% power.

Precision Microbiome Modulation with Discrete Dietary Fiber Structures Directs Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production

“…Neither placebo (digestible starch) nor potato RS4 changed SCFA levels or relative proportions. The latter is in accordance with the absence of in vivo fermentation of potato RS4 in rats (Coulon et al, 2019).…”

“…Only potato RS4 induced mild yet significant increases in bowel movement frequency at 50 g/day and decreases in fecal hardness at R35 g/day, relative to baseline (p < 0.05, GEE model; Table S4). Enhanced laxation can be explained by potato RS4 remaining largely unfermented by the gut microbiota (Coulon et al, 2019), because laxation effects are primarily attributable to non-fermentable DFs (McRorie and McKeown, 2017). Overall, these findings, together with findings from other RS interventions trials (Wang et al, 2019b), suggest that modern-day humans without functional GI disorders are able to tolerate high daily doses of RS up to 50 g, as only mild to moderate increases in GI symptoms and minimal changes in bowel habits were detected.…”

High‐Amylose Cornstarch Variably Affects Food Intake and Body Composition of Rats When Substituted to Standard versus a Moderately High‐Fat High‐Sugar Diet

“…[4] The starch that does resist digestion (RS) reaches the lower gut where it is fermented to short-chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota causing mucosal cell proliferation and fecal bulking in the cecum. [5,6] These morphological alterations in the cecum are associated with beneficial effects including enhanced insulin sensitivity and improved colonic mineral absorption. [5,7,8] Furthermore, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was reduced in rats when RS from high-amylose cornstarch (HAMS) was coadministered with high lipid meals.…”

Screening dietary fibres for fermentation characteristics and metabolic profiles using a rapidin vitroapproach: implications for irritable bowel syndrome

“…Interestingly, while both XOS varieties were expectedly fermentable (41,42) , there was a significant difference in gas production between the two. The disparity in their gas production kinetics may be the result of their different origins or variations in processing techniques, which may have led to alterations to their chemical composition (41,43) , as previously speculated (44) . Similarly, differences in processing may have contributed to the divergent fermentation characteristics of the Hi-Maize RS2 derivatives (Hi-Maize 260 was readily fermentable, but Hi-Maize 1043 was not), which are produced through different hydrothermal processes (34,45) .…”