Novel therapeutic opportunities for Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Giardia intestinalis infections

Arrighi, Francesca; Granese, Arianna; Chimenti, Paola; Guglielmi, Paolo

doi:10.1080/13543776.2023.2206017

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Trichomonas vaginalis passed from one to another partner during intercourse [53] . For treating these disorders many vaginal formulations such as creams, ointments, powders, and suppositories are used that exhibit shorter residence time and undergo a natural clearance process in the vaginal lumen, irritation, and burning in the vaginal area.…”

Section: Vaginal Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in microsponges for the management of vaginal and colorectal diseases: A comprehensive review

Rathi,

Kaur,

Chopra

et al. 2024

Appl. Chem. Eng.

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The controlled-release drug delivery systems have risen dramatically allowing various factors such as the prohibitive cost of developing new entities, the expiration of existing international patents, and the discovery of new polymeric materials suitable for prolonged drug release and improvement in therapeutic efficacy. Microsponges are the porous microspheres-based polymeric delivery system that allows controlled drug release at a specific site. Microsponges are developed for the efficient delivery of active ingredients at a low dose. They help in improving stability by modifying drug release kinetics, reducing side effects, and enhancing the retention of drug entities. Microsponge compositions are stable throughout a wide pH and temperature range, making them more compatible with numerous vehicles, and ingredients. Several studies have shown that microsponges are non-irritant, non-toxic, non-mutagenic, and non-allergic with self-sterilizing properties. They are typically used for topical administration but have lately been used for oral, vaginal, and colorectal administration as well. The current review contains basic information about microsponges, their method of preparation, and various characterization parameters. The review also discusses the application of microsponges in vaginal and colorectal diseases. The latter portion of the script includes various patents and preclinical trials.

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Section: Vaginal Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in microsponges for the management of vaginal and colorectal diseases: A comprehensive review

Rathi,

Kaur,

Chopra

et al. 2024

Appl. Chem. Eng.

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“…The life cycle of T. gondii has three stages of development including the tachyzoite stage that is characteristic in case of acute infection because of its rapid multiplication, bradyzoite stages that is characteristic in case of chronic infection and its slow multiplication and its existence as muscular or brain tissues cysts, and lastly the sporozoite stage of the definitive hosts (Feline species) which is released in the oocysts with feces deposition (6). Generally, toxoplasmosis is asymptomatic in case of people or animals with potent immune system, or it may induce non-specific or flu-like symptoms (7,8). However, the disease could be manifested with severe symptoms or even fatal in immunocompromised hosts (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative effects of propolis and wheat germ oil on acute toxoplasmosis in experimentally infected mice are associated with reduction in parasite burden and restoration of histopathological changes in the brain, uterus, and kidney

Elmahallawy,

Ali,

Raya-Álvarez

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Toxoplasmosis continues to be a prevalent parasitic zoonosis with a global distribution. This disease is caused by an intracellular parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii, and the development of effective novel drug targets to combat it is imperative. There is limited information available on the potential advantages of wheat germ oil (WGO) and propolis, both individually and in combination, against the acute phase of toxoplasmosis. In this study, acute toxoplasmosis was induced in Swiss albino mice, followed by the treatment of infected animals with WGO and propolis, either separately or in combination. After 10 days of experimental infection and treatment, mice from all groups were sacrificed, and their brains, uteri, and kidneys were excised for histopathological assessment. Additionally, the average parasite load in the brain was determined through parasitological assessment, and quantification of the parasite was performed using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction targeting gene amplification. Remarkably, the study found that treating infected animals with wheat germ oil and propolis significantly reduced the parasite load compared to the control group that was infected but not treated. Moreover, the group treated with a combination of wheat germ oil and propolis exhibited a markedly greater reduction in parasitic load compared to the other groups. Similarly, the combination treatment effectively restored the histopathological changes observed in the brain, uterus, and kidney, and the scoring of these reported lesions confirmed these findings. In summary, the present results reveal intriguing insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of wheat germ oil and propolis in the treatment of acute toxoplasmosis.

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Antibacterial and antifungal pyrazoles based on different construction strategies

Rehman,

He,

Shu

et al. 2025

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

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Novel therapeutic opportunities for Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Giardia intestinalis infections

Cited by 6 publications

References 149 publications

Advancements in microsponges for the management of vaginal and colorectal diseases: A comprehensive review

Advancements in microsponges for the management of vaginal and colorectal diseases: A comprehensive review

Ameliorative effects of propolis and wheat germ oil on acute toxoplasmosis in experimentally infected mice are associated with reduction in parasite burden and restoration of histopathological changes in the brain, uterus, and kidney

Antibacterial and antifungal pyrazoles based on different construction strategies

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