Novel type of adenylyl cyclase participates in tabtoxinine-β-lactam-induced cell death and occurrence of wildfire disease inNicotiana benthamiana

An Arabidopsis thaliana leucine-rich repeat protein harbors an adenylyl cyclase catalytic center and affects responses to pathogens

“…Assmann, 1995;Gehring, 2010) further supporting the role of cAMP in plant signaling cascades. However, to-date only few ACs have been experimentally tested in higher plants; these include a Zea mays protein that participates in polarized pollen tube growth (Moutinho et al, 2001), a Nicotiana benthamiana protein with a role in tabtoxinine-β-lactam-induced cell death (Ito, 2014), a Hippeastrum x hybridum protein that is involved in stress signaling (Świeżawska et al, 2014), an Arabidopsis pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein, AtPPR (At1g62590) (Ruzvidzo et al, 2013), an Arabidopsis clathrin assembly protein with a predicted role in actin cytoskeletal remodeling during endocytic internalization (Chatukuta et al, 2018) and an Arabidopsis K + -uptake permease (KT/HAK/KUP7; AtKUP7, At5g09400; Al-Younis et al, 2015). One possible reason for this apparent elusiveness is the evolutionary divergence of plant nucleotide cyclases where only key amino acids within the catalytic centers appear to be retained.…”

Elucidation of the biochemical and functional properties of an unknown novel protein from Arabidopsis thaliana

“…Findings from this study firmly and unequivocally establishes the Arabidopsis AC-like protein (Atg21465) as a functional soluble AC and thereby becoming the fifth ever such candidate to be identified in higher plants after the Zea mays pollen signalling protein (Moutinho et al, 2001), the Arabidopsis thaliana pentatricopeptide repeat protein (Ruzvidzo et al, 2013), the Nicotiana benthamiana adenylyl cyclase protein (Ito et al, 2014), and the Hippeastrum hybridum adenylyl cyclase protein (Swiezawska et al, 2014). In addition, this protein also becomes the second ever functional AC molecule to be identified in the Arabidopsis thaliana plant after the pentatricopeptide repeat protein (Ruzvidzo et al, 2013).…”

“…The major aim and research question of this study was to gain insight into ACs and establish if there was any other additional functional AC in higher plants besides the only and already experimentally confirmed; Zea mays pollen signaling protein (Moutinho et al, 2001), Arabidopsis thaliana pentatricopeptide repeat protein (Ruzvidzo et al, 2013), Nicotiana benthamiana adenylyl cyclase protein (Ito et al, 2014), and Hippeastrum hybridum adenylyl cyclase protein (Swiezawska et al, 2014) and if so, whether such an AC was capable of mediating plant responses to different environmental signals particularly the biotic and abiotic stress factors. This study then specifically addressed the sought research question by focusing onto an investigation of the possible functional properties of a recently identified and bioinformatically annotated AC-like gene (At3g21465) in the Arabidopsis genome (Gehring, 2010).…”

“…Nicotiana benthamiana adenylyl cyclase protein (Ito et al, 2014), and Hippeastrum hybridum adenylyl cyclase protein (Swiezawska et al, 2014…”

“…Surprisingly, not much is known in higher plants about ACs or their product cAMP as is in animals and lower eukaryotes although currently, there are already four experimentally tested and functionally confirmed ACs in plants. These are the Zea mays pollen signaling protein responsible for the polarized pollen tube growth (Moutinho et al, 2001), the Arabidopsis thaliana pentatricopeptide repeat protein responsible for pathogen responses and gene expressions (Ruzvidzo et al, 2013), the Nicotiana benthamiana adenylyl cyclase protein responsible for the tabtoxinine-β-lactam-induced cell deaths during wildfire diseases (Ito et al, 2014), and the Hippeastrum hybridum adenylyl cyclase protein involved in stress signaling (Swiezawska et al, 2014).…”