Novel Type of Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode Modified by Sb₂O₃ for Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺

Abstract

A novel type of carbon paste electrode modified by multi-walled carbon nanotubes and antimony trioxide (Sb 2 O 3 /CNTCPE) was applied for square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) of Cd 2 + and Pb 2 +. Important parameters (deposition potential, deposition time, HCl concentration) were optimized and linear concentration dependence was obtained in the range of 10-100 ppb with LOD 1.7 ppb for Cd 2 + and 1.2 ppb for Pb 2 +. The practical applicability was tested on the determination of Cd 2 + and Pb 2 + in tap water. The potentiometric stripping analysis at Sb 2 O 3 /CNTCPE was tested for the determination of Cd 2 + and Pb 2 + to compare this method with SWASV.

Novel Aspects in the Voltametric Determination of Heavy Metals: A Minireview

“…As an electrolyte, a 0.01 M HCl solution was used to detect Pb and Cd ions in water samples. The comparison of the new method with GFAAS (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy) in real samples, revealed that the new SWASV method for the determination of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ ions is free of systematic errors and gave low detection limits equal to 1.2 μg/L and 1.7 μg/L respectively [29]. A lithographically printed black carbon electrode has also been molded with poly(propyleneimine) (SPE-CB-PPI) creating a sensitive sensor with low limits of detection (3.6 μg/L, 15.3 μg/L) in the determination of Pb and Cd metals in water samples, amplified by the 0.1 M acetate buffer electrolyte and pH 4.6 [30].…”