Nowhere land: The evicted space of Black tenants’ rights in Montreal

Abstract

Property relations in 1980s Montreal were a venue of struggle and change. In this period, a well-organized tenants’ movement and the election of progressive governments spawned a series of legal and policy changes that strengthened tenants’ rights in the city. During the same period, however, an emerging police, government and media discourse cast Black communities as criminal ‘ghettos’, and a variety of mechanisms, including new policies meant to protect tenants’ rights, were used to evict criminalized Black tenants. Guided by recent work on property and Black geographies, respectively, this article examines how racial subjects are constituted in struggles over tenants’ rights. The racial limits of tenants’ rights in Montreal, it argues, are traceable to the socio-spatial relations of slavery and the intensifying criminalization of Black life in the 1980s, each of which nullified Black spatial belonging in the city. The tenant, the article concludes, is never just a tenant, but also a racial subject – a subject formed at the edges of blackness. In a terrain forged by slavery and its afterlives, the possibility of expansive tenants’ rights presupposes a right systemically denied in advance for Black people in the Americas: the right to exist here in the first place.

Racial regimes of property: Introduction to the special issue

“…All papers in this special issue address property’s internal (and sometimes internally contradictory) racial logics, demonstrating how these logics hinge, implicitly or explicitly, on the refusal to grant humanity and personhood to certain subjects. For instance, Ted Rutland (2022) draws on Black humanist scholars Sylvia Wynter (2003), Katherine McKittrick (2006), and Françoise Vergès (2006) to identify how, well beyond the end of slavery, new rubrics of criminalization devised by French Canadian settlers were directed at Black tenants in Montreal. The tenant, Rutland concludes, is never just a tenant but is also a “racial subject.” As white Quebecois’ tenant rights were strengthened through ostensibly progressive pro-tenant policies throughout the 1970s–1990s, so too did Black Quebecois’ evictions, arrests, and ghettoization (and associated negative media images and discourses in the mainstream) heighten.…”