Nowhere to Hide: A Novel Private Protocol Identification Algorithm

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of mobile Internet and 5G technology, great changes have been brought to our lives, and human beings have stepped into the era of big data. These new features and techniques in 5G support many different types of mobile applications for users, which makes network security extremely challenging. Among them, more and more applications involve users’ private data, such as location information, financial information, and biological information. In order to prevent users’ privacy disclosure, most applications choose to use private protocols. However, such private protocols also provide a means for malware and malicious applications to steal users’ privacy and confidential data. From a more secure point of view, we need to provide a way for users to know how many private protocols are running on their mobile phones and distinguish which are authorized applications and which are not. Therefore, the analysis and identification of private protocols have become a hot topic in current research. How to extract the characteristics of network protocol effectively and identify the private protocol accurately becomes the most important part of this research. In this paper, we combine genetic algorithm and association rule algorithm and then propose a set of feature extraction algorithm and protocol recognition algorithm for unknown protocols. The experimental analysis based on the actual data shows that these methods can effectively solve the problems of feature extraction and recognition for unknown protocols and can greatly improve the accuracy of private protocol recognition.

Nonlinear coupling of reversed shear Alfven eigenmode and toroidal Alfven eigenmode during current ramp

“…[11]. The coupling of RSAE and TAE with different mode numbers and generating a low frequency mode during the RSAE frequency sweeping process has also been observed in HL-2A experiments [28].…”

Nonlinear Coupling of Reversed Shear Alfvén Eigenmode and Toroidal Alfvén Eigenmode during Current Ramp

“…The coupling of RSAE and TAE with different mode numbers and generating a low frequency mode during the RSAE frequency sweeping process has also been observed in HL-2A experiments. [29] In this work, we show that, as the RSAE frequency sweeps up during current ramp, two important potential nonlinear mode coupling processes may occur. In the first process, an RSAE 𝛺 R ≡ 𝛺 R (𝜔 R , 𝑘 R ) couples to a TAE 𝛺 T ≡ 𝛺 T (𝜔 T , 𝑘 T ) with same poloidal and toroidal mode numbers and generates a geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) 𝛺 G ≡ 𝛺 G (𝜔 G , 𝑘 G ) with toroidally symmetric and poloidally near symmetric mode structure.…”

Two- and three-particle nonflow contributions to the chiral magnetic effect measurement by spectator and participant planes in relativistic heavy ion collisions

“…pp. In reality, due to possible complications of cme signal generation and/or evolution with the bulk medium, the cme signal reduction from sp to pp may not equal to the same factor a [35]. Suppose the reduction factor is b, i.e.…”