Nuclear-bound quarkonia and heavy-flavor hadrons

Abstract

In our quest to win a deeper understanding of how QCD actually works, the study of the binding of heavy quarkonia and heavy-flavor hadrons to atomic nuclei offers enormous promise. Modern experimental facilities such as FAIR, Jefferson Lab at 12 GeV and J-PARC offer exciting new experimental opportunities to study such systems. These experimental advances are complemented by new theoretical approaches and predictions, which will both guide these experimental efforts and be informed and improved by them. This review will outline the main theoretical approaches, beginning with QCD itself, summarize recent theoretical predictions and relate them both to past experiments and those from which we may expect results in the near future.

Electroweak properties of pions in a nuclear medium

“…Thus, the NJL model, which has several improved aspects as addressed above, is suitable to study the in-medium kaon properties.The experimental evidences, such as the EMC effect [36,37] and the observed modifications of bound proton EMFFs at JLab [38], suggest that the internal structure of hadrons would be modified in a nuclear medium. The phenomena of inmedium modifications of hadron properties [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] are tightly connected with partial restoration of chiral symmetry [51][52][53][54]. The order parameters of chiral symmetry in QCD are the lightquark chiral condensates, and their changes are expected to be one of the most important driving forces for the change of hadron properties in a nuclear medium.Spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry generates the nonet of massless pseudoscalar Goldstone bosons.…”

The Origin of the Nucleon Mass

“…The fact that the gluon contribution dominates I g ≫ I q does not mean that it is responsible for most of the nucleon mass as claimed e.g. in [12,13,14]. It turns out in fact that the nucleon mass is more or less equally shared between quarks and gluons U q ≈ U g [9,10].…”

Fate of the charm baryon Λc in cold and hot nuclear matter

“…Refs. [8,9] for reviews). They are qualitatively different from hypernuclei in strangeness, because the masses of charm (bottom) hadrons are almost twice (fifth) as large as the nucleon mass, and hence the new symmetry should be introduced: the heavy-quark spin symmetry [10][11][12] (see Ref.…”