Nuclear Electronics

Kowalski, Emil

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-87663-9

Cited by 48 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In spectrum indicate the secondary fluorescence radiation from the surrounding material in the setup, stainless steel, while in spectrum and indicate the secondary fluorescence radiation from the radioactive source materials, Au and Ag, respectively. [14], [27]. Thus, the reduction of the ENC could be accomplished by cooling the CZT detector system since the leakage currents are substantially reduced [28] and the FET transconductance increased [27].…”

Section: Electronic Noise and Energy Resolution Dependence On Tempmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14], [27]. Thus, the reduction of the ENC could be accomplished by cooling the CZT detector system since the leakage currents are substantially reduced [28] and the FET transconductance increased [27]. Furthermore, the choice of detector's capacitance ( ) by the correct design of the CZT thickness is essential to reduce, additionally, the ENC and prospect the detection of low-energy X-rays.…”

Section: Electronic Noise and Energy Resolution Dependence On Tempmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prospects on Low-Z Elements K Fluorescence and Actinide-Radionuclides L Fluorescence X-Ray Detection With Cooled CZT

Maia

Silva

Kim

2015

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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In the present study, we show that CZT detectors can be used in a wide X-ray energy range including low-energy X-rays down to 2.1 keV at which may be extended down to 1.5 keV by additional cooling to . CZT detector was operated in the low energy X-ray band keV to detect the K fluorescence X-rays emitted by low-Z elements, such as Ca, K, Cl, S, and eventually even further P, Si, Al. Additionally, it was demonstrated the fine spectroscopic features of the CZT detector cooled to , which make it suitable for the detection of L fluorescence X-rays emitted by high-Z elements in the keV range, such as Th, Pa, U, Np and Pu, resulting from the decay of actinide radionuclides , , and , respectively. With this cooled CZT detector it was possible to resolve the main L X-ray lines as well as to measure its intensity. The relative intensity obtained for the Pu L X-ray lines , , , , , and was, respectively, , , , , and . The Np L X-ray most intense lines , , , and yielded a relative intensity of , , and , respectively. The overall results are in good agreement with the values found in literature. The principal performance features of the CZT detector were, also studied experimentally or estimated from data tabulated in the literature. Notably, we found a -fold diminution of the electronic noise FWHM temperature sensitivity (from to eV ) and thus of the equivalent noise charge temperature sensitivity (from to ) when the temperature decreases from to . The influence of several properties, such as the charge mobility and lifetime, band gap energy, detector's leakage current and capacitance, on CZT detector performance features was also addressed.

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Section: Electronic Noise and Energy Resolution Dependence On Tempmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electronic Noise and Energy Resolution Dependence On Tempmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects on Low-Z Elements K Fluorescence and Actinide-Radionuclides L Fluorescence X-Ray Detection With Cooled CZT

Maia

Silva

Kim

2015

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…, was evaluated with the highly stable LED pulses [14]. Fluctuations of the measured amplitude A is determined by statistical fluctuations of the number of detected photoelectrons and by fluctuations of the photomultiplier gain M [15]:…”

Section: Light Output Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a fine-sampling electromagnetic calorimeter prototype in the energy range from 1 to 19GeV

Kharlov

Semenov

Matulenko

et al. 2009

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The fine-sampling electromagnetic calorimeter prototype has been experimentally tested using the 1 − 19 GeV/c tagged beams of negatively charged particles at the U70 accelerator at IHEP, Protvino. The energy resolution measured by electrons is ∆E/E = 2.8%/ √ E ⊕ 1.3%. The position resolution for electrons is ∆x = 3.1 ⊕ 15.4/ √ E mm in the center of the cell. The lateral non-uniformity of the prototype energy response to electrons and MIPs has turned out to be negligible. Obtained experimental results are in a good agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations.

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“…In a charge selection [4,13,161, the anode current may be divided between the timing circuits and an integrating preamplifier, which gives a signal proportional to Qu. This signal is then shaped in a pulse, usually with duration T , = 1 ps.…”

Section: Selection Of Xe'r Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In PMT's, the current signal for the preamplifier may be also taken from a separate output connected to one of the last dynodes, thus leaving the anode free for the timing section. This "slow" selection system may be connected to the "fast" timing system in a fast-slow arrangement (see Chase [IS], p. 165, or Kowalski [4], p. 216), to select timing pulses and improve the time resolution.…”

Section: Selection Of Xe'r Pulsesmentioning

confidence: 99%