Nuclear excitation by electron transition in 189Os

Emission of γ rays by x-ray electron-nuclear transitions

“…This is in agreement with the expression given in [17]. The 1/∆ 2 dependence is characteristic to non-resonant Rabi oscillations in two-state systems.…”

Laser-induced nonresonant nuclear excitation in muonic atoms

“…Contrary to that the NECEM/NECµM process employs atoms in the ground state. In ordinary atoms the NEET probability typically amounts to P ∼ 10 −7 per K-shell vacancy [10,11]. In muonic atoms the corresponding probability is largely enhanced to P ∼ 0.1 [14].…”

“…Muonic atoms therefore represent powerful tools for nuclear spectroscopy for more than 50 years. In fact, while NEET has been measured for the first time in 189 Os in the mid 1970s [10], with conclusive evidence even only recently in 197 Au [11], in muonic atoms the equivalent process was already observed in 1960 [12,13,14,15]. Today, facilities like TRIUMF (Vancouver, Canada) or PSI (Villingen, Switzerland) are specialized in the efficient production of muons and muonic atoms [16].…”

Nuclear Excitation by Electronic Transition of U-235

“…Numerous papers have attempted to calculate the NEET rate for various conditions and for various candidate isotopes [7,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In addition, numerous experiments have been performed looking for NEET in various isotopes with varying results [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. There are many candidate isotopes with low lying nuclear isomers with energies accessible to electron transition energies [45].…”