Nuclear Fragmentation in Proton- and Heavy-Ion-Induced Reactions

Lynch, W. G.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ns.37.120187.002425

Cited by 143 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the complexity of the nuclear-reaction processes and the large number of possible product isotopes have resulted in only limited tests of reaction models, which have focused mainly on hydrodynamic properties [5], isotope yields [6], and momentum distributions [7].…”

Section: Isomeric Ratios Have Been Measured For High-spin States Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The population of metastable states as a probe of relativistic-energy fragmentation reactions

et al. 2013

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Ac following the projectile fragmentation of a 1 A.GeV 238 U beam by a 9 Be target at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung. The fragments were separated in the fragment separator (FRS) and identified by means of energy loss and time-of-flight techniques. They were brought to rest at the centre of the RISING gamma-ray detector array and intensities of gamma-rays emitted in the decay of isomeric states with half-lives between 100 ns and 40 µs and spin values up to 55/2 were used to obtain the corresponding isomeric ratios. The data are compared to theoretical isomeric ratios calculated in the framework of the abrasion-ablation model. Large experimental enhancements are obtained for high-spin isomers in comparison to expected values.The need for an understanding of relativistic heavyion collisions spans a number of scientific fields, from the safety of human space exploration [1] and cosmic-ray astrophysics [2], to the structure of the early Universe [3] and the generation of radioactive ion beams [4]. Nevertheless, the complexity of the nuclear-reaction processes and the large number of possible product isotopes have resulted in only limited tests of reaction models, which have focused mainly on hydrodynamic properties [5], isotope yields [6], and momentum distributions [7].In addition, the angular-momentum degree of freedom has the potential to reveal important aspects of the reaction dynamics. However, this requires special circumstances for study to be possible. Following a given collision, the excited nuclear products typically de-excite in less than 10 −8 s. Such a short time is insufficient to apply separation techniques that would enable the initial excitation energies and angular momenta to be determined, since the de-excitation radiations all occur in close proximity to the reaction target.A breakthrough came with the ability to separate the products of projectile-fragmentation reactions according to their mass and charge [8], combined with the detection of γ rays from nuclear isomeric states [9,10]. Excellent sensitivity was achieved for isomer half-lives in the 0.1-100 µs range, after the recoiling ions had been transported to a remote measurement station in less than 1 µs. In the present context, a key feature of nuclear isomers is that in many cases they carry high angular momentum, which is itself closely associated with their extended half-

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Section: Isomeric Ratios Have Been Measured For High-spin States Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

The population of metastable states as a probe of relativistic-energy fragmentation reactions

et al. 2013

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“…Complex fragment emission(Z > 2) in intermediate energy nuclear reactions has been a subject of both experimental and theoretical interest for many years [1,2]. The early studies of this process identified two components: a fast, non-equilibrium component producing light fragments at forward angles, and a relaxed component producing fragments at all angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of charged particles from excited compound nuclei

et al. 2010

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The formation of excited compound nucleus (CN) and its statistical decay is investigated within the dinuclear system (DNS) model.The initial DNS is formed in the entrance channel when the projectile is captured by a target, and then the evolution of DNS in mass asymmetry coordinate leads to formation of the hot CN. The emission barriers for complex fragments were calculated within the DNS model by using the double folding procedure for the interaction potential. It is shown that cross sections for complex fragment emission become larger when excited CN is more neutron deficient. This approach gives also an opportunity to calculate the new neutron deficient isotopes production cross sections and can be applied to describe the hot fission of heavy systems.The model was tested by comparison of calculated results with experimental datas for the 3

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“…Since then, the liquid-gas phase transition has been extensively studied experimentally and theoretically. Several reviews exist on this topic [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-gas phase transitions in a multicomponent nuclear system with Coulomb and surface effects

2001

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The liquid-gas phase transition is studied in a multi-component nuclear system using a local Skyrme interaction with Coulomb and surface effects. Some features are qualitatively the same as the results of Müller and Serot which uses relativistic mean field without Coulomb and surface effects. Surface tension brings the coexistance binodal surface to lower pressure. The Coulomb interaction makes the binodal surface smaller and cause another pair of binodal points at low pressure and large proton fraction with less protons in liquid phase and more protons in gas phase.

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Nuclear Fragmentation in Proton- and Heavy-Ion-Induced Reactions

Abstract: I The term "fragmentation product" is used here to describe all fragments in the mass distribution. In this definition, projectile and target fr agmentation are the same process and differ only by the choice of rest fr ame.

Cited by 143 publications

References 60 publications

The population of metastable states as a probe of relativistic-energy fragmentation reactions

The population of metastable states as a probe of relativistic-energy fragmentation reactions

Emission of charged particles from excited compound nuclei

Liquid-gas phase transitions in a multicomponent nuclear system with Coulomb and surface effects

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