Nuclear Power in Germany and France

Wiliarty, Sarah Elise

doi:10.1057/pol.2013.9

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A social consensus was found through corresponding parliamentary majorities. The occurrence of actual damaging events ultimately led to a short-term change in society’s position on this topic, which was promptly followed by an equivalent shift in thinking in the political field [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Risk of AI Systems

Steimers

Schneider

2022

IJERPH

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Artificial intelligence can be used to realise new types of protective devices and assistance systems, so their importance for occupational safety and health is continuously increasing. However, established risk mitigation measures in software development are only partially suitable for applications in AI systems, which only create new sources of risk. Risk management for systems that for systems using AI must therefore be adapted to the new problems. This work objects to contribute hereto by identifying relevant sources of risk for AI systems. For this purpose, the differences between AI systems, especially those based on modern machine learning methods, and classical software were analysed, and the current research fields of trustworthy AI were evaluated. On this basis, a taxonomy could be created that provides an overview of various AI-specific sources of risk. These new sources of risk should be taken into account in the overall risk assessment of a system based on AI technologies, examined for their criticality and managed accordingly at an early stage to prevent a later system failure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Risk of AI Systems

Steimers

Schneider

2022

IJERPH

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“…The following country-specific observations can be made: Fig. 1 Specific CO 2 emission from electricity generation, CO 2 _el, divided by the total electricity consumption E tot [16] for the countries shown in the legend China: The CO 2 _el/E tot values are high because of the predominant use of coal (at present, about 1000 GW coal power stations are in operation). Nevertheless, this quality factor improves roughly linearly within the considered period.…”

Section: Co 2 Emissions Of Key Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 emissions of nuclear power and renewable energies: a statistical analysis of European and global data

Wagner

2021

Eur. Phys. J. Plus

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In this paper, we investigate the CO2 emissions caused by nuclear and renewable power generation. The knowledge of the share of coal, gas and oil in electricity generation permits the exact calculation of the related CO2 emissions. In addition, there is a second approach especially within the economic sciences, which applies statistical techniques for the study of the energy-related emissions. The background for these studies is the provision of general political advice and the expectation that political, cultural, or infrastructural considerations guide nations in the preference and choice of specific technologies. In this paper, we are applying both approaches and come to the certain conclusion, that nuclear power is as effective as renewable power in order to reduce the CO2 emissions. Our results are in complete contradiction to a recent publication (Sovacool et al. in Nat Energy 5:928–935, 2020. 10.1038/s41560-020-00696-3). The authors of this paper conclude that nuclear power does not reduce the CO2 emissions, but renewable power efficiently does. In addition, they argue that these two technologies crowd out each other. The possible reason for their claims may result from a specific conditioning of the data. In contrast, our analysis clearly confirms the adequacy of both nuclear and renewable power generation.

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“…Central grievances of antinuclear groups include concerns for nuclear waste (Barthe, 2009), nuclear risks (Chambru, 2014), and lack of transparency (Topçu, 2008), among others. Actions vary from protests to trials (Wiliarty, 2013).…”

Section: The Structure Of Nuclear Debate In Francementioning

confidence: 99%

‘It Is a Tradition in the Nuclear Industry . . . Secrecy’: Political Opportunity Structures and Nuclear Knowledge Production in France

Schweitzer

Mix

2021

Sociological Research Online

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Employing the example of France’s civil nuclear program, we connect political opportunity structures (POSs) to mechanisms of knowledge production, identifying how opposing stakeholders generate knowledge about a controversial technology. A history of nuclear dependence in France creates a context that praises, normalizes, and rationalizes nuclear energy while stigmatizing attempts to question or contest the nuclear industry’s dominant position. Integrating Bond’s knowledge-shaping process with Coy and colleagues’ concept of oppositional knowledge, we consider how the broader social, political, and economic context influences opposing stakeholder assessments of nuclear energy. Employing qualitative semi-structured interviews, we offer unique insight into the French nuclear debate, discussing the role of POS in shaping knowledge production.

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Nuclear Power in Germany and France

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Sources of Risk of AI Systems

Sources of Risk of AI Systems

CO2 emissions of nuclear power and renewable energies: a statistical analysis of European and global data

‘It Is a Tradition in the Nuclear Industry . . . Secrecy’: Political Opportunity Structures and Nuclear Knowledge Production in France

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