Nuclear quadrupole interaction at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mtext>S</mml:mtext><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>44</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mtext>c</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>in the anatase and rutile modifications of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>TiO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></

Ryu, Seung-baek; Das, S. K.; Butz, T.; Schmitz, W.; Spiel, Christian; Blaha, Peter; Schwarz, K.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.094124

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…37 Recently, PAC measurements using LaBr 3 (Ce) scintillator detectors have been performed with 44 Ti probe atoms, where the c-c cascade of 68 keV to 78 keV could easily be resolved. 38 The times of the start and stop signals are determined by constant fraction discriminators (CFD) before being fed to a time-to-amplitude (TAC) counter. The multichannel analyzer records the time intervals between the start and stop c-rays.…”

Section: Pac Setup and Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of the Perturbed Angular Correlation Technique in Characterizing Semiconductors

Dogra¹,

Byrne

Ridgway

2009

Journal of Elec Materi

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Several experimental techniques are available to investigate materials but microscopic techniques based on hyperfine interaction form a subclass that can characterize materials at the smallest possible atomic scale. The interaction of the nuclear electromagnetic moments with the hyperfine fields arising from the extranuclear electronic charges and spin distributions forms the basis of hyperfine methods. In this review article, one of the hyperfine methods, known as perturbed angular correlation (PAC), has been described as it provides local-scale fingerprints about the formation, identification, and lattice environment of defects and/or defect complexes in semiconductors at the PAC probe site. In particular, the potential of the PAC technique has been demonstrated in terms of measured electric field gradient, its orientation, and the symmetry at the probe site for a variety of defects in semiconductors such as Si, InP, GaAs, InAs, ZnO, GaP, and InN.

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Section: Pac Setup and Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of the Perturbed Angular Correlation Technique in Characterizing Semiconductors

Dogra¹,

Byrne

Ridgway

2009

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…For reference purposes we also list the hyperfine parameters for anatase bulk and rutile [10] in Table 1. Unfortunately, we do not have bulk data for TiO 2 (B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We studied AMT-100 (anatase, uncoated, 6 nm) from Tayca [7], Eusolex T-2000 (rutile, coated) from Merck [8], and P25 (predominantly anatase) from Degussa/Evonik [9] and a rutile extract thereof. In all cases except the rutile extract from P25 two signals were observed, the prominent one being associated with the volume fraction based on bulk data [10], whereas the extra fraction is ascribed to the probes closest to the surface. Various degrees of disorder were observed judging from observed linewidths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In all original TDPAC spectra we fitted a constant baseline in the order of a percent or less which accounts for a non-perfect cancellation of detector efficiencies and imprecise sample Ti using LaBr 3 (Ce) scintillators (after [10]). …”

Section: Defect and Diffusion Forum Vol 311mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first glance, the TDPAC spectroscopy with this probe seems to be rather discouraging because of the small anisotropy of at best +4% [10]. In addition, the two lines of the cascade in the daughter 44 Sc are very close to each other and scintillators with a very good energy resolution are required in order to separate start and stop pulses which helps in improving the signal-to-noise ratio at large times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TiO2 Nanomaterials Studied by 44Ti(EC)44Sc Time Differential Perturbed Angular Correlations: Volume and Surface Properties

Butz

Ryu

Jánkuhn

et al. 2011

DDF

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Abstract. TiO 2 nanoparticles (anatase) with diameters between 2 and 4 nm were synthesized by controlled hydrolysis of a solution of titanium (IV)isopropoxide to which 44 Ti in 4M HCl was added. Inactive nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), the active ones were analyzed by measuring the nuclear quadrupole interaction (NQI) of the I = 1 state in 44 Sc using time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC). Rather broad distributions were obtained. We also synthesized nanowires with typical diameters of 2 nm and 100 nm length using shape controllers. They were analyzed by HRTEM and XRD. The material turned out to be TiO 2 (B). The 44 Ti was added by impregnation and diffusion at 180°C for two hours. Two well-defined NQI signals were observed which we tentatively assigned to the "volume" fraction and the "surface" fraction, i.e. 44 Ti-probes with OH-termination. In addition, we studied AMT-100 (anatase, uncoated, 6 nm), Eusolex T-2000 (rutile, Al 2 O 3 -coated, 20×20×100 nm 3 , simethicone additive) and P25 (mainly anatase, uncoated, 20 nm diameter) using the impregnation and diffusion method. P25 and the isolated rutile fraction from P25 yield spectra which correspond to anatase and rutile volume signals plus their surface signals, respectively. TDPAC thus proved very useful in characterizing the nanomaterials, especially their disorder, by measuring the NQI. In addition, information on surface properties is obtained. The relatively narrow surface signals indicate a lower degree of disorder and are possibly also a result of partial motional averaging of Ti-signals with OH-bonds due to mobile H-atoms.

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Zr-doped rutile TiO2: a nuclear quadrupole interaction study

Banerjee¹,

Das²,

Das³

et al. 2010

Hfi / Nqi 2010

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Nuclear quadrupole interaction atS44cin the anatase and rutile modifications ofTiO2

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

The Potential of the Perturbed Angular Correlation Technique in Characterizing Semiconductors

The Potential of the Perturbed Angular Correlation Technique in Characterizing Semiconductors

TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanomaterials Studied by <sup>44</sup>Ti(EC)<sup>44</sup>Sc Time Differential Perturbed Angular Correlations: Volume and Surface Properties

Zr-doped rutile TiO2: a nuclear quadrupole interaction study

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