Nuclear thermometry

Comparisons of statistical multifragmentation and evaporation models for heavy-ion collisions

“…Indeed this model is not suited to predict absolute yields but rather should be used to compute relative yields of light isotopes e.g. for thermometry purposes [34,35]. For comparisons, the data from the central collisions of Sn isotopes are represented by the star symbols in the right panel.…”

“…More details about using T as the temperature of the freeze-out source can be found in ref. [35]. It is possible to construct many different thermometers from various combinations of the isotope yields using Eqs.…”

Quanta and entropy generation

“…In this case the environmental temperature can be related to an energy reference state, for example the temperature of the atomic nucleus, which depends by the physical properties of the nucleus itself [88,89].…”

Moment analysis and Zipf law

“…Different conclusions are then reached for similar light systems. Recent systematic analyses of caloric curves [6,14,20] and configurational energy fluctuations [23], indicate that heavier systems may undergo a first order phase transition while lighter systems can probably sustain a higher temperature, possibly even above the critical point, which would make the first order phase transition observed in heavy nuclei become a cross-over in lighter systems. Concerning configurational energy fluctuations, a well pronounced peak at an excitation energy around 5 MeV was shown in Multics, Indra, Isis and Nimrod data [23].…”

“…In addition, more observables have been proposed to sign the liquid-gas phase transition or critical behavior of nuclei [14,15,16,17,18,19]. Some reviews can be found in this volume [20,21,22,23,24].…”