Nucleation and evolution of strain-induced martensitic (b.c.c.) embryos and substructure in stainless steel: A transmission electron microscope study

A Microstructural Study on the Observed Differences in Charpy Impact Behavior Between Hot Isostatically Pressed and Forged 304L and 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

“…It is most likely that the BCC phase is strain-induced martensite, since its generation is temperature dependent and appears in regions close to the notch tip, where plasticity is most extreme. [15,18] The phase fractions of austenite (FCC) and martensite (BCC), determined over the total scanned area (ca. 10 mm 2 ) from Figure 10, are tabulated in Table II.…”

“…[13] Because the transformation is strain-assisted, the energy required for appreciable martensitic transformation is reduced, and therefore the temperature at which martensitic transformation occurs is no longer restricted to temperatures below the material's M s temperature. [18,19] Regardless of the mechanism, the effects of martensitic transformation on the mechanical properties of a material are the same: introduction of a ferromagnetic and much more brittle phase within the austenite matrix lowers the overall fracture toughness and ductility of the component, and produces regions of enhanced hardness. The greater the degree of martensitic transformation, the more susceptible the component is to brittle failure.…”

Separation of Static Recrystallization and Reverse Transformation of Deformation-induced Martensite in an Austenitic Stainless Steel by Calorimetric Measurements

“…Despite recrystallization presents one of the smallest driving forces amongst the solid state transformations, for highly deformed metals, measuring stored energy due to deformation can be assessed by calorimetric methods. [4][5][6] For austenitic stainless steels (ASSs), depending on steel composition and processing variables, plastic deformation apart from introducing crystal defects, can also cause the appearance of deformation-induced martensites, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] DIM, which has an important influence on the strain-hardening coefficient and on the formability. Two types of martensite may occur in the ASSs, namely: aЈ-(bcc, ferromagnetic) and e-(hcp, paramagnetic).…”

Influence of testing mode on the fatigue behavior of <111> austenitic grain at the nanometric length scale for TRIP steels

“…Talonen and Hänninen [32] found a close correlation between the shear bands and α'-martensite formation. Also, the relation between shear bands and α'-martensite, may be related to blocked-shape martensite structures form by nucleation and coalescence of α'-martensite embryos within a single shear band [33][34][35][36].…”