Nucleation and growth of anodic oxide films

Schultze, J.W.; Lohrengel, M. M.; Ross, Don

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(83)85175-5

Cited by 159 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…to allow them to completely selforganize), this variation shows that the grain structure slightly influences also the nanotube diameter. It is known from literature, that the thickness of anodic TiO2 films is directly proportional to the applied voltage [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The same rule also applies for the nanotube diameter vs. voltage used for the nanotube growth [9,22,23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Influence of the Ti microstructure on anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers produced in ethylene glycol electrolytes

Macák

Jarošová

Jäger

et al. 2016

Applied Surface Science

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The relationship between the microstructure of Ti substrates and the anodic growth of selforganized TiO2 nanotube layers obtained upon their anodization in the ethylene glycol based electrolytes on these substrates is reported for the first time. Polished Ti sheets with mirror-like surface as well as unpolished Ti foils were considered in this work. Grains with a wide range of crystallographic orientations and sizes were revealed by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and correlated with nanotube growth on both types of substrates. A preferred grain orientation with (0001) axis perpendicular to the surface was observed on all substrates. Surfaces of all substrates were anodized for 18 hours in ethylene glycol electrolytes containing 88 mM NH4F and 1.5% water and thoroughly inspected by SEM. By a precise comparison of Ti substrates before and after anodization, the uniformity of produced self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers was evaluated in regard to the specific orientation of individual grains. Grains with (0001) axis perpendicular to the surface turned out to be the most growth-promoting orientation on polished substrates. No orientation was found to be strictly growth-retarding, but sufficient This postprint version is available from http://hdl.handle.net/10195/61977 Publisher's version is available from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433216304482 DOI: 10.1016DOI: 10. /j.apsusc.2016 This document is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0.International. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 anodization time (24 hours) was needed to obtain uniform nanotube layers on all grains without remnant porous initial oxide. In contrast with polished Ti sheets, no specific orientation was found to significantly promote or retard the nanotube growth in the case of unpolished Ti foils.Finally, the difference between the average nanotube diameters of nanotubes grown on various grains was investigated showing non-negligible differences in the diameter for different grain orientations and substrates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Influence of the Ti microstructure on anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers produced in ethylene glycol electrolytes

Macák

Jarošová

Jäger

et al. 2016

Applied Surface Science

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“…For example, at low voltages (below 20 V), the structure of the oxide films on Ti has typically been reported to be amorphous, and crystallization to take place at higher voltages 116 . Moreover, depending on the anodizing conditions the crystal structure can be anatase, a mixture of anatase and rutile, or rutile 117 .…”

Section: Discussion Of the Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Electrochemical Behavior of Titanium Improved by Nanotubular Oxide Formed by Anodization for Biomaterial Applications: A Review

Al-Swayih¹

2016

Orient. J. Chem

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Titanium oxide nanotube is gaining prominence in many applications like solar energy, sensors, catalyst and biomaterials. In this paper, we briefly review the electrochemical behavior of titanium oxide nanotube prepared by anodization in simulated body fluids. The electrochemical behavior of TiO 2 nanotube depends on its morphology and surface properties. When titanium oxide nanotube formed by anodization, these surface properties are depending strongly on two factors, the parameters of anodization process and the conditions of employed electrolyte. These factors must be chosen in correct manner to optimized titanium oxide nanotube with desired properties for specific application.

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“…Anodization of titanium and its alloys has been investigated by many groups, and the mechanisms governing oxide formation and growth are well established. For pure Ti, the thickness of compact TiO 2 layers changes linearly with the applied potential with 2.5 nm/V up to potentials where dielectric breakdown of the oxide occurs [3][4][5] -these breakdown potentials are typically in the order of 100 -200 V. Also, the anodization of the biomedical alloys Ti6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb has been investigated to some extent. 6 -8 In the biomaterials context, the main reason for an anodization treatment of titanium and its alloys is to achieve thicker and more stable TiO 2 based oxides, which are generally favorable for the surface bioactivity and, for example, to facilitate osseointegration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐organized nanotubular oxide layers on Ti‐6Al‐7Nb and Ti‐6Al‐4V formed by anodization in NH₄F solutions

Macák

Tsuchiya

Taveira

et al. 2005

J Biomedical Materials Res

263

163

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The present work reports the fabrication of self-organized porous oxide-nanotube layers on the biomedical titanium alloys Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V by a simple electrochemical treatment. These two-phase alloys were anodized in 1M (NH(4))(2)SO(4) electrolytes containing 0.5 wt % of NH(4)F. The results show that under specific anodization conditions self-organized porous oxide structures can be grown on the alloy surface. SEM images revealed that the porous layers consist of arrays of single nanotubes with a diameter of 100 nm and a spacing of 150 nm. For the V-containing alloy enhanced etching of the beta phase is observed, leading to selective dissolution and an inhomogeneous pore formation. For the Nb-containing alloy an almost ideal coverage of both phases is obtained. According to XPS measurements the tubes are a mixed oxide with an almost stoichiometric oxide composition, and can be grown to thicknesses of several hundreds of nanometers. These findings represent a simple surface treatment for Ti alloys that has high potential for biomedical applications.

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Nucleation and growth of anodic oxide films

Cited by 159 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of the Ti microstructure on anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers produced in ethylene glycol electrolytes

Influence of the Ti microstructure on anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers produced in ethylene glycol electrolytes

The Electrochemical Behavior of Titanium Improved by Nanotubular Oxide Formed by Anodization for Biomaterial Applications: A Review

Self‐organized nanotubular oxide layers on Ti‐6Al‐7Nb and Ti‐6Al‐4V formed by anodization in NH₄F solutions

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Nucleation and growth of anodic oxide films

Cited by 159 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of the Ti microstructure on anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers produced in ethylene glycol electrolytes

Influence of the Ti microstructure on anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers produced in ethylene glycol electrolytes

The Electrochemical Behavior of Titanium Improved by Nanotubular Oxide Formed by Anodization for Biomaterial Applications: A Review

Self‐organized nanotubular oxide layers on Ti‐6Al‐7Nb and Ti‐6Al‐4V formed by anodization in NH4F solutions

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About

Self‐organized nanotubular oxide layers on Ti‐6Al‐7Nb and Ti‐6Al‐4V formed by anodization in NH₄F solutions