Nucleation and growth of zinc on aluminum from acidic sulfate solution with [BMIM]HSO4 as additive

Abstract

The nucleation and first stages of the growth of zinc on aluminum from acidic sulfate solution in the absence and presence of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate-[BMIM]HSO 4 as additive were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometric current-time transients, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The dimensionless chronoamperometric current-time transients for the zinc electrodeposition on aluminum electrode from the solution free of [BMIM]HSO 4 showed the zinc deposition can be interpreted by a model involving instantaneous nucleation with hemispherical diffusion controlled growth of nuclei. The addition of [BMIM]HSO 4 induced a blocking effect on the zinc electrocrystallization process through its cathodic adsorption on the electrode surface. This effect led to increase the number density of active sites, decrease the nucleation and growth rate of these nuclei, and produce more leveled and fine-grained cathodic deposits without affecting the instantaneous nucleation mechanism. Surface morphology analysis revealed the crystal structure of the zinc deposits formed did not change by the adsorption of [BMIM]HSO 4 at the first stages of deposition.

Influence of [BMIM]HSO4 on electrodeposition and corrosion behavior of Zn coatings from acidic sulfate bath

“…Fig. shows that as expected, the reduction of Zn 2+ to zinc metal occurs near −1.20 V. Since the potential difference between the electroreduction potential of zinc ion and the crossover potential is a measure of nucleation overpotential for zinc deposition . A current loop typical of an overpotential‐driven nucleation/growth electrodeposition process is seen in all of these voltammograms in the BCD region following scan reversal.…”

“…Alvarez et al studied the first stages of the zinc electrodeposition process on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite from an acidic sulfate solution with gelatine as additive and observed that the nucleation mode for the zinc electrodeposition was instantaneous in the case of additive‐free bath, whereas the nucleation process shifted toward more progressive in the presence of gelatine in the solution. Previously, we have studied the influence of ionic liquid additive‐[BMIM]HSO 4 on the nucleation and growth of zinc on aluminum from acidic sulfate solution . On the basis of the results obtained, we concluded that the addition of [BMIM]HSO 4 led to decrease of the nucleation and growth rate of these nuclei, increase of the number density of active sites, and production of cathodic deposits with smaller grain size; however, the instantaneous nucleation mechanism involved for the deposition process was practically unchanged.…”

Electrochemistry of Pb(II)/Pb during preparation of lead wires from PbO in choline chloride—urea deep eutectic solvent

“…As shown in Fig. 6, the shape of the current transients is typical of diffusion-limited nucleation process with three-dimensional growth of a metal on a foreign metal substrate [42]. The initial increase in the current observed at the first short time is corresponding to an increase in electroactive area as the number of nuclei increases.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Electrodeposited Cadmium and Lead thin Films from a Diluted Chloride Solution

“…The characterization and mechanism of electrodeposition of single Pb or Cd had been investigated extensively for different electrolytes and cathode materials [21][22][23][24][25][26]. References may be found for the characterization of binary systems such as CuPb [27,28], Cu-Cd [29][30][31], however no information are found about the characterization of Cd-Pb system.…”