Nucleation, growth and properties of nanoclusters studied by radiation chemistry

Belloni, J.

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2005.11.082

Cited by 363 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Radiolytic reduction of metal ions in solution is an efficient process to synthesize bimetallic nanoparticles of controlled size and structure. 18,19,20 Different bimetallic nanoparticles have been synthesized by this technique as either core-shell particles or alloys, depending on the dose rate, such as: Au-Ag, 21 Au-Pd, 22,23 Au-Pt, 24 Ag-Pd 25 ... The hydrated electrons and the reducing radicals produced during the radiolysis of the solvent are used to reduce metal ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimetallic Au-Pt nanoparticles synthesized by radiolysis: Application in electro-catalysis

et al. 2010

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimetallic Au-Pt nanoparticles synthesized by radiolysis: Application in electro-catalysis

et al. 2010

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“…Ag monomers (Ag 0 ) thus generated would grow through some of the following equations; 28,29 where Ag m corresponds to the metal nanocrystals consisting of tens to hundreds of atoms. The carbon remained in the structures may originate from the annihilation of radicals R…”

Section: ¹2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Patterning of Silver Metal by Electron Beam Irradiation onto Room-temperature Ionic Liquid

et al. 2014

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A new silver micropatterning method has been developed by electron beam irradiation to room-temperature ionic liquid containing silver salts. This is the first achievement that uses liquid media to obtain metal deposits by electron beam lithography. Silver deposits were obtained as designed with high resolution and purity compared to the existing direct writing method.Fabrication of micro/nano metal structures on semiconductor substrates is an essential technique for the development of the micro-electromechanical system (MEMS).1,2 To date, there have been many achievements for the patterning of metals such as gold, silver, and copper.36 Among them, the direct writing techniques are considered to be the most efficient method because of the simplicity of their process. They include direct drawing by inkjet printing, 7 or reactive deposition from precursors contained in liquids 8 and those existing in the gas phase 9 by using lasers and a quantum beam, respectively. The last case, using the quantum beam, achieved a resolution as small as 100 nm. However, liquids are considered to be advantageous because they can provide larger amounts of metals in a short time compared with vapor phase deposition.It is well-known that the interaction of ionizing radiation, such as γ-rays, electron beams (EB), and ion beams, with target materials yields radical ions and solvated electrons of 1020 eV energy in spurs.10 These species are easy to trigger in chemical reactions. Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are one of the good media for radiation chemistry. They generate radicals and solvated electrons as many conventional solvents do, and their reactivity is tunable, depending on the type of anions and cations.11 Besides, the slow solvation of electrons provides higher reactivity against subsequent reactions, and the property of ionic liquids being in the glass state over the wide temperature region facilitates the time-dependent spectroscopic analyses of these processes at low temperatures. In addition, there are many reports about the high radiation stability of RTILs, and they reveal that RTILs have potential as solvents for radiation chemical reactions. 1215 Recently, we have reported the preparation of various kinds of colloidal metal nanoparticles dispersed in RTILs by γ-ray radiation irradiation.16,17 Similar reduction reactions were observed during electron microscopic observations (20300 kV), where the metal nanoparticles were formed on the surface of or inside the ionic liquids around the observation area. 1820 We have recently succeeded in the fabrication of various three-dimensional micro/nano polymer structures by introducing a thin layer of polymerizable RTIL into a quantum beam writing system to trigger the polymerization reaction of RTIL monomers at the nanoscale.21,22 Herein, we demonstrate a new direct writing technique that deposits metals at will on a substrate by introducing RTILs containing silver salts instead of polymerizable ones. The largest difference is the role of RTIL, which was a reactant pre...

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“…In the case of growth via coalescence, the stabilizing effect of the PVA prevents the growth of the NPs beyond a certain nucleus size. 18 In the outer layers, a low concentration of metal atoms and clusters is continuously supplied from the light irradiation spot via diffusion. Under these conditions, small Au seeds are first formed.…”

Section: 112mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemistry for the Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles

Sakamoto¹,

Majima²

2010

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

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The synthesis of metal nanoparticles is an interdisciplinary subject that is attracting intense research and development owing to the fundamental scientific value of nanometer-sized metal, as well as the broad range of potential applications of metal nanoparticles. Photochemistry plays an important role in various aspects of this research area. It is a unique tool for synthesizing metal nanoparticles, as well as an important technique for investigating the formation mechanism. Metal nanoparticles formation triggered by photochemical reaction is effective for investigating formation mechanisms. We succeeded in observing the formation of metal nanoparticles and clusters by using spectroscopic methods. In addition, single-molecule fluorescent spectroscopy provided important insights into the photochemical reactivity of metal clusters. This photochemical reactivity offers a promising possibility with regard to metal clusters. We developed strategies for constructing metal nanoparticles using a series of photochemical techniques. In situ photochemical synthesis is an effective method for the fabrication of metal nanoparticles, as well as composite materials. A multicolor excitation-induced photochemical reaction resulted in the reduction of metal ions with a highly negative reduction potential, recyclable photosensitization, and 3-D direct laser writing of metal nanoparticles. These new strategies will expand the possible applications of photochemistry for metal nanoparticles synthesis.

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Nucleation, growth and properties of nanoclusters studied by radiation chemistry

Cited by 363 publications

References 59 publications

Bimetallic Au-Pt nanoparticles synthesized by radiolysis: Application in electro-catalysis

Bimetallic Au-Pt nanoparticles synthesized by radiolysis: Application in electro-catalysis

Fine Patterning of Silver Metal by Electron Beam Irradiation onto Room-temperature Ionic Liquid

Photochemistry for the Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles

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