Nucleation of Supersaturated Inorganic Salt Solutions

Telkes, Maria

doi:10.1021/ie50510a036

Cited by 173 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The method involves using extra water to dissolve the entire anhydrous salt during melting. This thickens the material to gel form as suggested by Telkes (1952).…”

Section: Approaches To Improve Phase Change Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Cost Analysis of Simple Phase Change Material-Enhanced Building Envelopes in Southern U.S. Climates

Kośny

Shukla

Fallahi

2013

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“…The method involves using extra water to dissolve the entire anhydrous salt during melting. This thickens the material to gel form as suggested by Telkes (1952).…”

Section: Approaches To Improve Phase Change Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…In fact, inorganic salts such as Glauber's salt were the first PCM ever to be applied in building applications (Telkes 1952). So far inorganic PCMs have found very limited application in buildings because of their undesirable properties.…”

Section: Salt Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost Analysis of Simple Phase Change Material-Enhanced Building Envelopes in Southern U.S. Climates

Kośny

Shukla

Fallahi

2013

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“…33 A possible alternative for the phosphonates is borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O, disodium tetraborate decahydrate), which is known to promote the precipitation of mirabilite at or near saturation. 34 Preliminary research suggests that borax can be used in a mortar, as it does not affect for example the carbonation process. 35 The influence of borax on sodium sulfate crystallization from solution has been studied in previous research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of borax on the wetting properties and crystallization behavior of sodium sulfate

et al. 2017

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Borax has been identified as possible crystallization modifier for sodium sulfate. Understanding the effect of borax on factors influencing transport and crystallization kinetics of sodium sulfate helps to clarify how this modifier might limit crystallization damage. It has been observed that the addition of borax to sodium sulfate solutions has no influence on the wetting properties (contact angle on glass, surface tension,or evaporation rate) and therefore will not influence solution transport. Additionally, the influence of borax on the crystallization kinetics of sodium sulfate was studied under controlled environmental conditions. This was done in mixtures in glass micro capillaries, and sequentially in droplets on glass plates. Under the here studied precipitation conditions, the addition of borax has no influence on the supersaturation ratio at the onset of crystallization, but it significantly affects the crystallization pattern of anhydrous sodium sulfate crystals (thenardite). Using RAMAN spectroscopy, two different hydrates of borax were identified after precipitation depending on the initial concentration of the solution. Each hydrate has a different effect on the subsequent crystallization of sodium sulfate. The decahydrate polymorph of borax leads to the precipitation of hydrated sodium sulfate crystals (mirabilite) and the pentahydrate form favors the precipitation of the anhydrous sodium sulfate crystals (thenardite) with an altered crystal habit. Using X-ray diffraction, overdevelopment of the (111), (131), (222) and (153) faces of thenardite was identified. Additionally, the ratios between several peaks is reversed. These results confirm the deviation of the grown crystals of the equilibrium crystal shape of thenardite as observed with optical microscopy.

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“…Mechanical stability can be improved by PCM encapsulation to reduce separation [108]. Sub-cooling can be suppressed by the addition of thickening agents [109] and a nucleating agent such as borax [110]. However, high-density borax may settle down when added into PCM which may require further investigation to solve this problem [111,112].…”

Section: Salt Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Materials: A Review of Encapsulation, Safety and Thermal Characteristics

2016

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Phase change materials (PCMs) have been identified as potential candidates for building energy optimization by increasing the thermal mass of buildings. The increased thermal mass results in a drop in the cooling/heating loads, thus decreasing the energy demand in buildings. However, direct incorporation of PCMs into building elements undermines their structural performance, thereby posing a challenge for building integrity. In order to retain/improve building structural performance, as well as improving energy performance, micro-encapsulated PCMs are integrated into building materials. The integration of microencapsulation PCMs into building materials solves the PCM leakage problem and assures a good bond with building materials to achieve better structural performance. The aim of this article is to identify the optimum micro-encapsulation methods and materials for improving the energy, structural and safety performance of buildings. The article reviews the characteristics of micro-encapsulated PCMs relevant to building integration, focusing on safety rating, structural implications, and energy performance. The article uncovers the optimum combinations of the shell (encapsulant) and core (PCM) materials along with encapsulation methods by evaluating their merits and demerits.

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Nucleation of Supersaturated Inorganic Salt Solutions

Cited by 173 publications

References 3 publications

Cost Analysis of Simple Phase Change Material-Enhanced Building Envelopes in Southern U.S. Climates

Cost Analysis of Simple Phase Change Material-Enhanced Building Envelopes in Southern U.S. Climates

Effect of borax on the wetting properties and crystallization behavior of sodium sulfate

Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Materials: A Review of Encapsulation, Safety and Thermal Characteristics

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