Nucleocapsid Protein as Early Diagnostic Marker for SARS

Che, Xin; Wu, Hao; Wang, Yadi; Di, Biao; Yin, Kun; Xu, Yan-Xia; Feng, Chang-Sen; Zhuoyue, Wan; Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung; Yuen, Kwok‐Yung

doi:10.3201/eid1011.040516

Cited by 135 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…The NP is involved in the pathological reaction to human coronavirus and is a key antigen for the development of a sensitive diagnostic assay He et al, 2005). Che et al (2004) reported that NP in the serum samples of SARS patients can be detected as early as 1 day after disease onset.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactivity characterisation of the three structural regions of the human coronavirus OC43 nucleocapsid protein by Western blot: Implications for the diagnosis of coronavirus infection

Fang-Ying

Lin

Ying

et al. 2013

Journal of Virological Methods

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Previous studies have reported that a prokaryotic-expressed recombinant nucleocapsid protein (NP) is a suitable reagent for the epidemiological screening of coronavirus infection. In this study, soluble recombinant human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) NP was produced to examine the antigenicity of the HCoV-OC43 NP of betacoronavirus. Using the purified recombinant NP as an antigen, a polyclonal antibody from rabbit serum with specificity for HCoV-OC43 NP was generated; this antibody reacts specifically with HCoV-OC43 NP and does not cross-react with other human CoV NPs (including those of SARS-CoV and HCoV-229E) by Western blot. Sera from 26 young adults, 17 middle-aged and elderly patients with respiratory infection, and 15 cord blood samples were also tested. Strong reactivity to the NPs of HCoV-OC43 was observed in 96%, 82%, and 93% of the serum samples from the young adults, respiratory patients, and cord blood samples, respectively. To identify the immunoreactivities of the three structural regions of the NP that are recognised by the rabbit polyclonal antibody and human serum, the antigenicities of three protein fragments, including the N-terminal domain (aa 1-173), the central-linker region (aa 174-300), and the C-terminal domain (aa 301-448), were evaluated by Western blot. The rabbit polyclonal antibody demonstrated greater immunoreactivity to the central-linker region and the C-terminal domain than to the N-terminal domain. Three different patterns for the immunoreactivities of the three structural regions of HCoV-OC43 NP were observed in human serum, suggesting variability in the immune responses that occur during HCoV-OC43 infection in humans. The central-linker region of the NP appeared to be the most highly immunoreactive region for all three patterns observed. The goal of this study was to offer insight into the design of diagnostic tools for HCoV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactivity characterisation of the three structural regions of the human coronavirus OC43 nucleocapsid protein by Western blot: Implications for the diagnosis of coronavirus infection

Fang-Ying

Lin

Ying

et al. 2013

Journal of Virological Methods

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“…Rapid laboratory diagnosis mostly relied on nucleic acid amplification assays, using the SARS-CoV open reading frame 1b or nucleoprotein gene as targets in the detection of respiratory specimens, stool, urine, blood, and lung tissue Lau et al, 2005a;Poon et al, 2003;Poon et al, 2004;Poon et al, 2005b). Diagnosis rarely relied on enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for viral nucleocapsid protein antigen detection on patients' sera (Che et al, 2004a;Che et al, 2004b;Lau et al, 2004c). The nucleoprotein (NP) gene and protein were chosen as targets for RT-PCR and EIA because NP is the most abundantly expressed mRNA and protein in the infected cells, and should therefore give a higher sensitivity.…”

Section: Clinical Symptommentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical management and infection control of SARS: Lessons learned

et al. 2013

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The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 was the first emergence of an important human pathogen in the 21st century. Responding to the epidemic provided clinicians with extensive experience in diagnosing and treating a novel respiratory viral disease. In this article, we review the experience of the SARS epidemic, focusing on measures taken to identify and isolate patients, prevent the transmission of infection to healthcare workers and develop effective therapies. Lessons learned from the SARS epidemic will be especially important in responding to the current emergence of another highly pathogenic human coronavirus, the agent of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and to the recently emerging H7N9 influenza A virus in China. This paper forms part of a symposium in Antiviral Research on "From SARS to MERS: 10years of research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses."

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“…Initially, clinical symptoms and epidemiologic linkage were diagnostics for SARS followed by serologic testing, viral culture and PCRbased methods (Wu et al, 2003;Yam et al, 2003). Now, reagents are also available for Nucleocapsid (N) protein and Spike (S) protein detection (Che et al, 2004;Sunwoo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Prepared Are We to Control Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Future

Bhardwaj¹

2013

American Journal of Virology

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No non-human reservoirs for smallpox-and polio-viruses has contributed to the success of worldwide eradication of smallpox and a significant control of poliomyelitis. Most emerging and re-emerging viruses including SARS Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), have animal reservoirs and therefore,they impose a constant threat of host jump leading tooutbreaksin humans. It is desirable to be ready for control of infections that are caused by zoonotic pathogens, even after an outbreak has ended. This literature review is a compilation of advances made so far for diagnosis and treatment of SARS.

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Nucleocapsid Protein as Early Diagnostic Marker for SARS

Cited by 135 publications

References 9 publications

Immunoreactivity characterisation of the three structural regions of the human coronavirus OC43 nucleocapsid protein by Western blot: Implications for the diagnosis of coronavirus infection

Immunoreactivity characterisation of the three structural regions of the human coronavirus OC43 nucleocapsid protein by Western blot: Implications for the diagnosis of coronavirus infection

Clinical management and infection control of SARS: Lessons learned

How Prepared Are We to Control Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Future

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