We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, D-meson, B-meson, and nucleon physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the nuclear and particle physics communities. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor $$f_+(0)$$
f
+
(
0
)
arising in the semileptonic $$K \rightarrow \pi $$
K
→
π
transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio $$f_K/f_\pi $$
f
K
/
f
π
and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements $$V_{us}$$
V
us
and $$V_{ud}$$
V
ud
. Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of $$SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$$
S
U
(
2
)
L
×
S
U
(
2
)
R
and $$SU(3)_L\times SU(3)_R$$
S
U
(
3
)
L
×
S
U
(
3
)
R
Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the $$B_K$$
B
K
parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four B parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for $$m_c$$
m
c
and $$m_b$$
m
b
as well as those for the decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters of charmed and bottom mesons and baryons. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. We review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant $$\alpha _s$$
α
s
. We consider nucleon matrix elements, and review the determinations of the axial, scalar and tensor bilinears, both isovector and flavor diagonal. Finally, in this review we have added a new section reviewing determinations of scale-setting quantities.
