Number and distribution of T lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa of calves inoculated with rotavirus

Abstract

An understanding of the immune response to rotavirus is needed to develop effective prophylaxis. There is evidence that cell-mediated responses may be involved and to extend these observations, rotavirus antigen and the three major T cell subsets, BoCD4+, BoCD8+, and BoWC1+ gamma/delta lymphocytes were immunostained in tissue sections from calves killed at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days post inoculation and quantified by image analysis. It was established that in control calves, BoCD4+ lymphocytes were predominantly in the lamina propria, while the majority of BoCD8+ and BoWC1+ gamma/delta lymphocytes were in the epithelium. Rotavirus infection was seen throughout the small intestine with the greatest amount of viral antigen detected at 4 days post inoculation in the mid and distal small intestine. Increased numbers of all subsets were detected; small increases in intraepithelial BoCD4+ and BoWC1+ gamma/delta T lymphocytes were observed especially in the distal small intestine, while larger increases in BoCD8+ cells were detected in the epithelium and lamina propria of the proximal, mid and distal small intestine. The timing and location of these increases in T lymphocyte subsets is indicative of a specific immune response involving BoCD8+ and BoWC1+ gamma/delta T lymphocytes.

Virus-specific intestinal IFN-γ producing T cell responses induced by human rotavirus infection and vaccines are correlated with protection against rotavirus diarrhea in gnotobiotic pigs

“…Despite a large number of studies on the role of T cells in mediating protection against rotavirus infection in adult mice with various gene knockouts (protection against disease cannot be assessed in the adult mice model) [14][15][16][17][18], limited data is available on T cell immune responses to rotavirus in humans [19,20] or other out-bred native hosts, i.e. calves and pigs [21][22][23]. However, because of the potentially important role for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in rotavirus immunity, especially in heterotypic protection as suggested by studies of influenza virus infections [24], it is important to quantify and characterize antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in an animal model of rotavirus disease as well as in human clinical trials for the development of new rotavirus vaccines.…”

Alteration of the Thymic T Cell Repertoire by Rotavirus Infection Is Associated with Delayed Type 1 Diabetes Development in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice

“…IEL also accumulate during murine viral infection with reovirus [45], and intestinal T cell numbers are increased in rotavirus-infected calves [46]. RRV infection induces a rapid expansion of CD8αβ TCRαβ IEL in infant NOD mice (Fig.…”

Effects of QWBZP on T-cell subsets and their cytokines in intestinal mucosa of HRV infection suckling mice

“…The ␥␦ + T cells which exist mainly in iIEL composed of the first defense line protecting the body away from microorganisms infection (1-5% in peripheral blood, 10-30% in iIEL) (Scimmas et al, 1994;Zhi et al, 2004). Parsons found that CD8 + T cells and ␥␦ + T lymphocytes increased significantly when infected by RV (Parsons et al, 1993).…”