Number of siblings and the risk of solid tumours: a nation-wide study

Altieri, Andrea; Hemminki, Kari

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603760

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The reason our results differ from earlier reports is not clear and may be due to unknown or unmeasured confounding factors (eg, physical activity [35]), or the role of chance; another possibility is that our use of neighborhood controls may have resulted in over matching for certain factors (such as SES) and reduced our ability to observe differences for these factors. Larger family sizes have been associated with increased esophageal and gastric cancer risk in several previous studies [36; 37; 38]. We also observed increased UGI cancer risk among individuals with larger families, which may potentially be due to an infectious etiology enhanced by a crowded environment [39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Risk factors for esophageal and gastric cancers in Shanxi Province, China: A case–control study

Gao

Han

et al. 2011

Cancer Epidemiology

112

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Objective Smoking and alcohol consumption explain little of the risk for upper-gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer in China, where over half of all cases in the world occur. Methods We evaluated questionnaire-based risk factors for UGI cancers in a case-control study from Shanxi Province, China, including 600 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), 599 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCA), 316 gastric noncardia adenocarcinomas (GNCA), and 1514 age- and gender-matched controls. Results Ever smoking and ever use of any alcohol were not associated with risk of UGI cancer; only modest associations were observed between ESCC risk and highest cumulative smoking exposure, as well as GNCA risk and beer drinking. While several associations were noted for socioeconomic and some dietary variables with one or two UGI cancers, the strongest and most consistent relations for all three individual UGI cancers were observed for consumption of scalding hot foods (risk increased 150% to 219% for daily vs never users) and fresh vegetables and fruits (risk decreased 48% to 70% for vegetables and 46% to 68% for fruits, respectively, for high vs low quartiles). Conclusion This study confirms the minor role of tobacco and alcohol in UGI cancers in this region, and highlights thermal damage as a leading etiologic factor.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Risk factors for esophageal and gastric cancers in Shanxi Province, China: A case–control study

Gao

Han

et al. 2011

Cancer Epidemiology

112

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“…A large Swedish study found a risk ratio of 0.71 (95%CI: 0.62-0.82) for testicular cancer for five or more siblings versus none [81]. Some previous studies have found similar associations [69, 76, 79, 82] while others have not [35, 67, 77].…”

Section: Perinatal Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiologic Factors in Testicular Germ-Cell Tumors

2009

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Globally, testicular cancer incidence is highest among men of northern European ancestry and lowest among men of Asian and African descent. Incidence rates have been increasing around the world for at least 50 years, but mortality rates, at least in developed countries, have been declining. While reasons for the decreases in mortality are related to improvements in therapeutic regimes introduced in the late 1970s, reasons for the increase in incidence are less well understood. An accumulating body of evidence suggests, however, that testicular cancer arises in fetal life. Perinatal factors, including exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, have been suggested to be related to risk. Keywords testicular germ cell tumor; seminoma; nonseminoma; perinatal etiologyAlthough a rare cancer in the general population, testicular cancer is the most common malignancy among young men in many countries. Approximately 98% of testicular cancers are germ cell tumors (TGCT). The remaining 2% include stromal tumors such as Leydig cell (~0.2%) and Sertoli cell tumors (~0.1%), as well as other more rare or poorly defined histologic types. Among TGCTs, approximately 55% are classic seminomas, 44% are nonseminomas (embryonal carcinomas, teratomas, yolk sac tumors, choriocarcinomas) and 1% are spermatocytic seminomas.

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“…Brothers of TC patients tended to father a smaller number of children and had a lower proportion of unlike-sex twins. Recently, Altieri and Hemminki (2007) reported that having five or more siblings vs none (RR 0.71, 95% CI, 0.62-0.82) was associated with strong decreased risk of TC. prevent abortions and pregnancy-related complications (Palmlund, 1996).…”

Section: Subfertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%