Numerical 3-D FEM and Experimental Analysis of the Open-Ended Coaxial Line Technique for Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy on Soil

Wagner, Norman; Schwing, Moritz; Scheuermann, Alexander

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2013.2245138

Cited by 93 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…We measured ethanol/water mixtures at the molar fractions of ethanol, XEA = 0.07, 0.17, 0.3, 0.7 and 1 at 20 °C in the frequency range 30 MHz to 3 GHz. These mixtures allow having solutions with a complex permittivity between 20 and 80 [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Zoom-inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Sensor within a Microfluidic Chip for Biological Applications

Fellahi

Boré

Rousseau³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of Eurosensors 2017, Paris, France, 3–6 September 2017

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Abstract:A miniaturized sensor operating in Radio Frequency region (RF) is proposed to address the need in picoliter liquid characterization. The sensor is based on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) combined with a microfluidic channel dedicated to microliter liquid characterization with perspectives for biology and single cell characterization. Using microtechnology process, the sensor has been designed on a 0.5 mm thick quartz wafer with Cr/Au electrodes. A prototype of the sensor has been fabricated and evaluated with ethanol/water mixtures at different molar fractions of ethanol. A good agreement between theoretical and measured electrical response of the sensor is observed.

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Section: Zoom-inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Sensor within a Microfluidic Chip for Biological Applications

Fellahi

Boré

Rousseau³

et al. 2017

Proceedings of Eurosensors 2017, Paris, France, 3–6 September 2017

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“…The OC [14] used in this study is schematically illustrated in Fig. 2 (a), where the dimensions of the probe are also shown.…”

Section: B Open-ended Coaxial Probe (Oc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine these complex calibration constants covering the whole investigation frequency range, a combination of two calibration procedures are carried out [14], namely, Open-Water-Short (OWS) calibration for frequencies lower than 500 MHz and Open-Water-Liquid (OWL) calibration for higher frequencies.…”

Section: B Open-ended Coaxial Probe (Oc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optimized measurement protocol in combination with non-destructive sample cells is therefore highly desirable to this end. Open-ended coaxial probe (OC) has long been used as a non-destructive sample cell in the characterization of various materials including biological tissues [6], [7], liquids [8]- [10], and geomaterials [11]- [14]. Since the sample under test has to be fully contacted with the flat end of this type of probe, it is generally only suitable for soft materials or hard materials with ideally flat surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broadband Dielectric Measurement Methods for Soft Geomaterials: Coaxial Transmission Line Cell and Open-Ended Coaxial Probe

Chen¹,

Schwing²,

Karlovšek³

et al. 2014

IJET

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I. INTRODUCTIONDue to their intrinsic merits including non/less-invasive virtue and capability of automation and remote sensing, geophysical electromagnetic (EM) methods such as time domain reflectometry (TDR) [1] and ground penetrating radar (GPR) [2] have long been recognized as effective and practical methods in geomaterials characterization [3], [4]. Generally measuring time or frequency dependent EM properties of geomaterials as response to an applied EM field, EM methods are able to characterize geomaterials in terms of correlations between their EM properties and compositional and structural properties. Successful applications of EM methods in this regard have been massively witnessed since decades ago, among which the determination of water content of geomaterials is probably the most well-known one [5].Despite its great success, the application of EM methods in geomaterials characterization is still confronted with many theoretical and technical difficulties. Almost all geomaterials are heterogeneous systems composed of components with different physicochemical properties. Complex EM properties of some constituent components in addition to interface processes arising from the interaction between those components make the overall EM properties of most geomaterials extremely complicated. Theoretical consideration on their EM properties is greatly challenged by this complication because it is difficult to take all factors into account. However, carefully designed experimental studies are able to determine factors that dominate the EM properties of geomaterial at defined environments and thereby able to greatly simplify and/or optimize theoretical consideration. Experimental studies, especially in a broad frequency range, are also able to find out correlations between EM properties and other engineering parameters of geomaterials, which are practical in field investigation.On the other hand, EM properties of a geomaterial are generally affected by a great number of factors related to environmental parameters as well as its compositional and structural nature. For civil engineering purposes, it is intended to measure EM properties of geomaterials without disturbing their engineering nature. Optimized measurement protocol in combination with non-destructive sample cells is therefore highly desirable to this end. Open-ended coaxial probe (OC) has long been used as a non-destructive sample cell in the characterization of various materials including biological tissues [6], [7], liquids [8]-[10], and geomaterials [11]-[14]. Since the sample under test has to be fully contacted with the flat end of this type of probe, it is generally only suitable for soft materials or hard materials with ideally flat surface. In addition, due to the size of this type of probe, the effective measurement volume is normally limited to the order of cm 3 . A non-destructive two-port coaxial transmission line cell (CC) recently developed by Lauer et al. [15] is able to measure a larger sample volume but still keep the sample undistur...

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“…These features have made coaxial probes as useful tools for quantitative testing and nondestructive evaluation in microwave engineering, biomedicine, agriculture, geotechnology, etc. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast and Stable Integration Method for the Aperture Admittance of an Open-Ended Coaxial Probe Terminated Into Low-Loss Dielectrics

Zhou¹,

Ju²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

PIER M

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Abstract-Theutilization of an open-ended coaxial probe for characterization of dielectric properties or quantitative nondestructive detection of defects in materials firstly requires evaluating the aperture admittance. For the case that the probe is terminated into low-loss dielectrics backed by a conducting sheet, however, the admittance expression encounters poles in the vicinity of the path of integration, resulting in low convergence rate or even overflow in numerical quadrature. In this study, locations and properties of the singularities of the integral formulation for generally lossy, low-loss, and lossless dielectric slabs backed by a perfectly conducting sheet are investigated above all. Subsequently, making use of the contour integral technique, a fast and stable integration method is put forward to calculate the admittance integral formulation. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to justify the validity and efficiency of the proposed integration method for low-loss dielectric cases by comparison with the traditional integration method as well as commercial FEM software.

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Numerical 3-D FEM and Experimental Analysis of the Open-Ended Coaxial Line Technique for Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy on Soil

Cited by 93 publications

References 47 publications

Microwave Sensor within a Microfluidic Chip for Biological Applications

Microwave Sensor within a Microfluidic Chip for Biological Applications

Broadband Dielectric Measurement Methods for Soft Geomaterials: Coaxial Transmission Line Cell and Open-Ended Coaxial Probe

Fast and Stable Integration Method for the Aperture Admittance of an Open-Ended Coaxial Probe Terminated Into Low-Loss Dielectrics

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