Numerical analysis of impact failure of automotive laminated glass: A review

Chen, Shunhua; Miao, Zhuang; Wang, Di; Yoshimura, Shinobu; Yamada, Tomonori

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.04.007

Cited by 115 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Common transparent amorphous polymeric materials such as polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are extensively used in high impact windows and transparent armor applications as single layer materials or as multi‐layer laminates . However, due to their relatively low modulus (<3 GPa) and strength (<0.1 GPa), impact properties of these polymeric materials are usually moderate in comparison to laminated glass with polymeric interlayers such as vinyl layers as ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or non‐transparent high‐performance composite laminates based on aramid or ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent, Lightweight, and High Strength Polyethylene Films by a Scalable Continuous Extrusion and Solid‐State Drawing Process

Lin

Verpaalen

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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The continuous production of transparent high strength ultra-drawn highdensity polyethylene films or tapes is explored using a cast film extrusion and solid-state drawing line. Two methodologies are explored to achieve such high strength transparent polyethylene films; i) the use of suitable additives like 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-ditertpentylphenol (BZT) and ii) solid-state drawing at an optimal temperature of 105 °C (without additives). Both methodologies result in highly oriented films of high transparency (≈91%) in the far field. Maximum attainable modulus (≈33 GPa) and tensile strength (≈900 MPa) of both types of solid-state drawn films are similar and are an order of magnitude higher than traditional transparent plastics such as polycarbonate (PC) and poly(methyl methacrylate). Special emphasis is devoted to the effect of draw down and pre-orientation in the as-extruded films prior to solid-state drawing. It is shown that pre-orientation is beneficial in improving mechanical properties of the films at equal draw ratios. However, pre-orientation lowers the maximum attainable draw ratio and as such the ultimate modulus and tensile strength of the films. Potential applications of these high strength transparent flexible films lie in composite laminates, automotive or aircraft glazing, high impact windows, safety glass, and displays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent, Lightweight, and High Strength Polyethylene Films by a Scalable Continuous Extrusion and Solid‐State Drawing Process

Lin

Verpaalen

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…This study follows the extended investigations reported in [14][15][16], in which the dynamic performance of glass panels under tire impact has been explored with the support of experimental and numerical tools. Often, within the research community, the SBI performance of glass elements is primarily explored for automotive applications [17], or in terms of danger for people [18,19], while a generalized methodology still lacks for the mechanical characterization of curtain walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibrated Numerical Approach for the Dynamic Analysis of Glass Curtain Walls under Spheroconical Bag Impact

et al. 2021

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The structural design of glass curtain walls and facades is a challenging issue, considering that building envelopes can be subjected extreme design loads. Among others, the soft body impact (SBI) test protocol represents a key design step to protect the occupants. While in Europe the standardized protocol based on the pneumatic twin-tire (TT) impactor can be nowadays supported by Finite Element (FE) numerical simulations, cost-time consuming experimental procedures with the spheroconical bag (SB) impactor are still required for facade producers and manufacturers by several technical committees, for the impact assessment of novel systems. At the same time, validated numerical calibrations for SB are still missing in support of designers and manufacturers. In this paper, an enhanced numerical approach is proposed for curtain walls under SB, based on a coupled methodology inclusive of a computationally efficient two Degree of Freedom (2-DOF) and a more geometrically accurate Finite Element (FE) model. As shown, the SB impactor is characterized by stiffness and dissipation properties that hardly match with ideal rigid elastic assumptions, nor with the TT features. Based on a reliable set of experimental investigations and records, the proposed methodology acts on the time history of the imposed load, which is implicitly calibrated to account for the SB impactor features, once the facade features (flexibility and damping parameters) are known. The resulting calibration of the 2-DOF modelling parameters for the derivation of time histories of impact force is achieved with the support of experimental measurements and FE model of the examined facade. The potential and accuracy of the method is emphasized by the collected experimental and numerical comparisons. Successively, the same numerical approach is used to derive a series of iso-damage curves that could support practical design calculations.

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“…Analytical models based on layer-wise-type theories were also tested for photovoltaic panels [ 17 ]. For numerical modelling, a comprehensive review of the finite element method in failure analyses of laminated glass can be found in [ 18 ], whereas the applicability of other numerical techniques for the impact failure analyses of laminated glass was summarised in [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Field Fracture Modelling of Thin Monolithic and Laminated Glass Plates under Quasi-Static Bending

et al. 2020

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A phase-field description of brittle fracture is employed in the reported four-point bending analyses of monolithic and laminated glass plates. Our aims are: (i) to compare different phase-field fracture formulations applied to thin glass plates, (ii) to assess the consequences of the dimensional reduction of the problem and mesh density and refinement, and (iii) to validate for quasi-static loading the time-/temperature-dependent material properties we derived recently for two commonly used polymer foils made of polyvinyl butyral or ethylene-vinyl acetate. As the nonlinear response prior to fracture, typical of the widely used Bourdin–Francfort–Marigo model, can lead to a significant overestimation of the response of thin plates under bending, the numerical study investigates two additional phase-field fracture models providing the linear elastic phase of the stress-strain diagram. The typical values of the critical fracture energy and tensile strength of glass lead to a phase-field length-scale parameter that is challenging to resolve in the numerical simulations. Therefore, we show how to determine the fracture energy concerning the applied dimensional reduction and the value of the length-scale parameter relative to the thickness of the plate. The comparison shows that the phase-field models provide very good agreement with the measured stresses and resistance of laminated glass, despite the fact that only one/two cracks are localised using the quasi-static analysis, whereas multiple cracks evolve during the experiment. It was also observed that the stiffness and resistance of the partially fractured laminated glass can be well approximated using a 2D plane-stress model with initially predefined cracks, which provides a better estimation than the one-glass-layer limit.

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Numerical analysis of impact failure of automotive laminated glass: A review

Cited by 115 publications

References 128 publications

Transparent, Lightweight, and High Strength Polyethylene Films by a Scalable Continuous Extrusion and Solid‐State Drawing Process

Transparent, Lightweight, and High Strength Polyethylene Films by a Scalable Continuous Extrusion and Solid‐State Drawing Process

Calibrated Numerical Approach for the Dynamic Analysis of Glass Curtain Walls under Spheroconical Bag Impact

Phase-Field Fracture Modelling of Thin Monolithic and Laminated Glass Plates under Quasi-Static Bending

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