Numerical Analysis of Molten Pool Behavior and Spatter Formation with Evaporation During Selective Laser Melting of 316L Stainless Steel

Tang, Pingmei; Xie, Haiqiong; Wang, Sen; Ding, Xueping; Zhang, Qi; Ma, Haiqing; Yang, Jie; Fan, Shuqian; Long, Mujun; Chen, Dengfu; Duan, Xuan‐Ming

doi:10.1007/s11663-019-01641-w

Cited by 18 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…Meanwhile, Lu Wang et al [ 85 ] used a coupled multi-physical field model including heat transfer, liquid flow, metal vaporization, margin effect, and Darcy’s law for numerical simulation, mainly simulating the velocity field and temperature field of the melt pool, etc., while using high-speed X-ray imaging for experimental verification, and found that the uneven distribution of recoil pressure on the surface of the keyhole increases the formation of keyhole pores; in addition, different process parameters also affect the formation of keyholes, while low ambient pressure can reduce or even eliminate the formation of keyhole pores, and the instability of the keyhole leads to the formation process of pores, as shown in Figure 11 . In addition to the numerical simulation analyses of the melt pool by the above scholars, other scholars have also conducted related studies [ 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ], where scholars have mainly focused on the process of keyhole generation, the influence of process parameters and processing atmosphere on the melt pool morphology, and the relationship between the unstable state of the melt pool and part defects. At the same time, a multi-physics field coupling model was established to simulate the process of laser and metal powder interaction in a more realistic way.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Metal Evaporation In the Lpbf Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Visual Measurement Methods for Metal Vaporization Processes in Laser Powder Bed Fusion

et al. 2023

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Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is of great importance for the visual measurement and analysis of the metallization process, which is the process of solid, liquid, and gas phase transformations of metal powders under high-energy laser irradiation due to the low boiling point/high saturated vapor pressure. Since the evaporation of metals involves the interaction of driving forces such as vapor back pressure, surface tension, and gravity, the movement of the melt pool is not stable. At the same time, it also produces vaporization products such as vapor plumes and sprays, which cause defects such as bubbles, porosity, lack of fusion, inclusions, etc., during the manufacturing process of the parts, affecting the performance and manufacturing quality of the parts. More and more researchers are using imaging technologies, such as high-speed X-ray, high-speed visible light cameras, and high-speed schlieren imaging, to perform noncontact visual measurements and analyses of the melt pool, vapor plume, and spatter during the metal evaporation process, and the results show that the metal evaporation process can be suppressed by optimizing the process parameters and changing the processing atmosphere, thereby reducing part defects and improving part performance and built part quality. This paper reviews the research on metal evaporation mechanisms and visual measurement methods of metal evaporation, then discusses the measures of metal evaporation, and finally summarizes and prospects the future research hotspots of LPBF technology, according to the existing scholars’ research on numerical simulation analysis and visual measurement methods of the metal evaporation process.

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