Numerical Analysis to Determine Reliable One-Diode Model Parameters for Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Abstract:With the aim to determine the photo-generated current, diode saturation current, ideality factor, shunt, and series resistances related to the one-diode model for p-i-n planar perovskite solar cells, reference cells with active area of approximately 1 cm 2 and efficiencies ranging between 4.6 and 12.2% were fabricated and characterized at standard test conditions. To estimated feasible parameters, the mean square error between the I-V curve data of these cells and the circuital model results were minimized using a Genetic Algorithm combined with the Nelder-Mead method. When considering the optimization process solutions, a numerical sensitivity analysis of the error as a function of the estimated parameters was carried out. Based on the errors behavior that is showed graphically through maps, it was demonstrated that the set of parameters estimated for each cell were reliable, meaningful, and realistic, and being related to errors lower than 9.1 × 10 −9 . Therefore, these results can be considered as global solutions of the optimization process. Moreover, based on the lower errors obtained from the optimization process, it was possible to affirm that the one-diode model is suitable to model the I-V curve of perovskite solar cells. Finally, the estimated parameters suggested that the average ideality factor is close to 2 when the fill factor of the I-V curves is higher than 0.5. Lower fill factors corresponded to ideality that was higher than 3, linked to lower efficiencies, and high loses effects reflected on lower shunt resistances. Lower ideality factor of 1.4 corresponds to the best performing solar cells.

High-throughput analysis of the ideality factor to evaluate the outdoor performance of perovskite solar minimodules

“…On the other hand, the impedance/frequency-response data were fitted considering the equivalent circuit, as reported elsewhere 48 and shown in Supplementary Figure 13, to estimate the parameters. For impedance fitting, a global optimization process involving a genetic algorithm (GA) and the simplex method was used, as reported in a previous work 33 , to minimize the square error between the measured impedance (Z) and the impedance calculated using the equivalent circuit (Z model ) at the frequencies considered (f), considering all samples recorded (NS) (Eq.…”

“…For PSCs, although there are relatively few reports related to this parameter, Tress and coworkers have reported a full interpretation of n ID for nonencapsulated cells, establishing the relationship between the dominating recombination process, the light intensity and V oc 26 . In addition, n ID has been estimated through impedance/frequency-response (IFR) analysis [30][31][32] , from the I-V curve at standard test conditions using an one-diode model 33 , and from the dark I-V curve through numerical simulation considering the continuity and Poisson's equations 34 . Moreover, agreement has been shown between the n ID value estimated from the recombination resistance extracted through IFR analysis and the value calculated from V oc at different light intensities 31,32 .…”

Fabrication of a UV Photodetector Based on n-TiO2/p-CuMnO2 Heterostructures

“…Additionally, the sensitivity of S3a decreases almost proportionally to the difference in the S2a ideality factor. This means that approaching an ideal junction can lead to an improvement in sensitivity [54]. The best performance of the S2a sensor (sensitivity, responsivity, response and recovery speed) compared to S1a and S3a, was demonstrated by several parameters: crystallite size, porosity, layer thickness, band-gap energy values and flat-band potential.…”

A Review of Perovskite Solar Cells

“…They fabricated and characterized the cells with approximately 1 cm 2 active area at ideal test conditions. The efficiencies extended from 4.6 to 12.2% [60].…”