Numerical estimation of hotspot temperatures in electrodes subjected to pulsed electron beam heating in vacuum

Anode hotspot temperature estimation in vacuum gaps under 50 Hz alternating excitations

“…This computer code has been validated by comparison with the analytical solution for a semiinfinite solid heated by a circular source [20]. This method has been discussed in greater detail in one of our previous papers [23]. The solution a t the origin [20] can be written as…”

“…A sufficiently accurate numerical solution for the transient temperature distribution in a cylindrical disc heated by a circular source at the surface using a finite difference method is presented. This computer code was validated by comparison with an analytical solution in our earlier work [23]. The effect of nonlinear variation of thermal properties with temperature and phase change (solid to liquid) is studied by computing the temperature distribution using ANSYS 4.4, a powerful finite element package.…”

Effects of low-dimensional material channels on energy consumption of nano-devices

“…This high power density and self-heating makes the batteries to drain briskly in portable devices and accordingly they must be cooled to a temperature at which the transistors can operate. Consequently, as long as the cooling technology has not got up with the miniaturization many electronic devices are impractical due to the millimeter-scale hotspots on the chip, which are localized zones with higher heat per unit area and accordingly higher temperatures [20][21][22][23][24][25]. On the other hand, while chip-level hotspots are troubling circuit designers [26,27], device designers are beginning to encounter thermal management problems at nanometer-length scales within individual transistors.…”