Numerical experiments and field results on the size of steady state plumes

Maier, Uli; Grathwohl, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.12.012

Cited by 60 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It can be observed in Figure 6 that the TEAPs related to aerobic degradation, denitrification, and sulfate-reduction reactions occur within a relatively thin fringe surrounding the core of the contaminant plume; therefore, they are designated as fringe processes. The presence of highly bioactive zones at the fringes of organic contaminant plumes has been observed both in the laboratory (Bauer et al, 2008) as well as in the field (Lerner et al, 2000;Maier and Grathwohl, 2006;Prommer et al, 2006). In these zones, the oxidizable contaminant (CH 2 O) and the soluble electron acceptors such as O 2 , NO 3 and SO 4 2 are brought into contact through diffusion/dispersion controlled mixing processes.…”

Section: Two-dimensional Transport Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unique biogeochemical conditions available within these zones may selectively favour biodegradation of the contaminant and make a significant contribution to the overall rate of degradation. At the plume fringe, processes involving soluble electron donors and acceptors are typically active (Cirpka et al, 1999;Lerner et al, 2000;Maier and Grathwohl, 2006). These reactions are primarily limited by the diffusive flux driven by transverse dispersion, where soluble electron acceptors such as O 2 , NO 3 and SO 4 2 diffuse inwards, from the surrounding groundwater, and are made available for bacteria to support the degradation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A kinetic approach for simulating redox‐controlled fringe and core biodegradation processes in groundwater: model development and application to a landfill site in Piedmont, Italy

Rolle

Clement

Sethi

et al. 2008

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:A three-dimensional model for predicting redox controlled, multi-species reactive transport processes in groundwater systems is presented. The model equations were fully integrated within a MODFLOW-family reactive transport code, RT3D. The model can simulate organic compound biodegradation coupled to different terminal electron acceptor processes. A computational approach, which uses the spatial and temporal distribution of the rates of different redox reactions, is proposed to map redox zones. The method allows one to quantify and visualize the biological degradation reactions occurring in three distinct patterns involving fringe, pseudo-core and core processes. The capabilities of the numerical model are demonstrated using two hypothetical examples: a batch problem and a simplified two-dimensional reactive transport problem. The model is then applied to an unconfined aquifer underlying a leaking landfill located near the city of Turin, in Piedmont (Italy). At this site, high organic load from the landfill leachate activates different biogeochemical processes, including aerobic degradation, denitrification, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. The model was able to describe and quantify these complex biogeochemical processes. The proposed model offers a rational framework for simulating coupled reactive transport processes occurring beneath a landfill site.

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Section: Two-dimensional Transport Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A kinetic approach for simulating redox‐controlled fringe and core biodegradation processes in groundwater: model development and application to a landfill site in Piedmont, Italy

Rolle

Clement

Sethi

et al. 2008

Hydrological Processes

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“…Leaching of PAHs from soil is a major concern at most contaminated sites due to the risk of groundwater pollution. Contaminated groundwater poses a serious risk for drinking water supplies [9]. Conventional soil remediation technologies mainly rely on excavation and landfilling, which are both costly and often environmentally disruptive [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Immobilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil Using Forest Wood-Derived Biochar and Activated Carbon under Saturated Conditions, and the Importance of Biochar Particle Size

Zand¹,

Grathwohl²

2016

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Leaching behavior of organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be altered in the presence of organic amendments through enhanced sorption of PAHs to the amended soil. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of biochar in two forms (i.e., crushed and pulverized), and granular activated carbon on immobilization and leaching behavior of selected PAHs from contaminated soil into water using the column leaching test. The influence of biochar particle size on leaching behavior of PAHs in biochar-amended soil was also evaluated for the first time in this study. Results showed relatively high initial concentrations of naphthalene, fluorene, and pyrene for unamended column (B1). Strong sorption of all PAHs to soil was observed in this study. At the end of the experiment less than one percent of the solid phase content of the sum of PAHs was released into water in columns B3 and B4. Change in pH due to the application of organic amendments did not affect PAH leaching results. The addition of pulverized biochar and granular activated carbon to soil remarkably reduced mobilization and leaching of the studied PAHs in most cases; however, higher molecular weight PAHs (i.e., pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)) were mobilized in the presence of crushed biochar in soil. The controlling role of biochar particle size on mobilization and release of PAHs in soil was observed. The application of pulverized biochar and activated carbon increased colloid content of the column effluents while reducing their dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, suggesting a more significant role of colloid-facilitated transport than DOC-associated transport of PAHs in their leaching from carbon-amended soils, particularly for higher molecular weight PAHs. Based on the obtained results, pulverized biochar and granular activated carbon demonstrated promising and comparable performance in immobilizing PAHs in soil and reducing their leaching from soil into water through enhanced sorption of PAH compounds, which is markedly favorable in terms of soil remediation.

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“…Analytical solutions Liedl et al, 2005Liedl et al, , 2011 as well as empirical relationships based on numerical simulations (Maier and Grathwohl, 2006) have been proposed to estimate the length of steady-state contaminant plumes in homogeneous or upscaled porous media. In two-dimensional homogeneous settings, the basic result is that the length of the plume scales linearly with the squared width of the plume at its origin, and inversely with the transverse dispersion coefficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic evaluation of mixing-controlled steady-state plume lengths in two-dimensional heterogeneous domains

Cirpka

Rolle

Chiogna

et al. 2012

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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Numerical experiments and field results on the size of steady state plumes

Cited by 60 publications

References 31 publications

A kinetic approach for simulating redox‐controlled fringe and core biodegradation processes in groundwater: model development and application to a landfill site in Piedmont, Italy

A kinetic approach for simulating redox‐controlled fringe and core biodegradation processes in groundwater: model development and application to a landfill site in Piedmont, Italy

Enhanced Immobilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Contaminated Soil Using Forest Wood-Derived Biochar and Activated Carbon under Saturated Conditions, and the Importance of Biochar Particle Size

Stochastic evaluation of mixing-controlled steady-state plume lengths in two-dimensional heterogeneous domains

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