Numerical implementation of a cold-ion, Boltzmann-electron model for nonplanar plasma-surface interactions

Holgate, Joshua; Coppins, M.

doi:10.1063/1.5021778

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Understanding plasma–catalyst interphase reactions has been obtained from both experimental and simulation analysis. Some of the representative reviews have concluded the achievements of simulation studies. ,− However, the simulation relies on the initial treatment parameters, but the condition fluctuates in actual practices. Therefore, simulation techniques such as KMC models are unlikely to be capable of giving detailed plasma–catalyst interphase interactions .…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Ntps Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Properties of Photocatalysts via Nonthermal Plasma Modification: Recent Advances, Treatment Variables, Mechanisms, and Perspectives

Chen

Song

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Surface modification is crucial in improving catalyst activity, since all catalytic reactions occur on the surface of the catalyst. This review discusses the application of nonthermal plasmas (NTP) for surface modification and functionalization of heterogeneous photocatalysts. NTP pretreatment provides an environmentally friendly and effective means for functionalization, surface etching, and/or defect regulation on the surface of photocatalysts. The correlations between modification variables and the properties of catalysts are reviewed in depth. Moreover, insights into the modification mechanisms are reviewed to provide state-of-the-art understanding and suggest that more advanced modification can be achieved. Finally, challenges and perspectives for future studies are provided.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Ntps Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Properties of Photocatalysts via Nonthermal Plasma Modification: Recent Advances, Treatment Variables, Mechanisms, and Perspectives

Chen

Song

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…(1-4) on dynamically adaptive Cartesian mesh using the approach proposed in Ref. [9]. The non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation is solved by converting it to a Poisson-Helmholtz equation.…”

Section: Fluid Model For Cold Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Solvers with Adaptive Mesh in Phase Space for Low-Temperature Plasmas

Kolobov

Arslanbekov

Levko

2019

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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We describe the implementation of 1d1v and 1d2v Vlasov and Fokker-Planck kinetic solvers with adaptive mesh refinement in phase space (AMPS) and coupling these kinetic solvers to Poisson equation solver for electric field. We demonstrate that coupling AMPS kinetic and electrostatic solvers can be done efficiently without splitting phase-space transport. We show that Eulerian fluid and kinetic solvers with dynamically adaptive Cartesian mesh can be used for simulations of collisionless plasma expansion into vacuum. The Vlasov-Fokker-Planck solver is demonstrated for the analysis of electron acceleration and scattering as well as the generation of runaway electrons in spatially inhomogeneous electric fields.

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“…3 B e 0 0 A linearisation procedure was performed in [17] in order to make these equations tractable. An alternative approach is to compute solutions directly with numerical simulations such as the C++ finite-difference code 'Cold Ions with Boltzmann Electron Relation' (CIBER) which is freely-available at http://github.com/ joshholgate/CIBER and is described in detail by [20]. This code uses axisymmetric (r, z) coordinates but is otherwise unrestricted to any particular geometry of the conducting surface; as such it can be used to generate solutions for the plasma sheath profile near a liquid surface with arbitrary deformations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This code uses axisymmetric (r, z) coordinates but is otherwise unrestricted to any particular geometry of the conducting surface; as such it can be used to generate solutions for the plasma sheath profile near a liquid surface with arbitrary deformations. The boundary conditions on the plasma sheath region are given by the Bohm condition far away from the liquid surface, implemented according to the specification in [20], appendix B, while the conducting liquid surface is kept at a fixed potential of f w .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The plasma sheath region occupies the upper portion of the computational domain to a height of 30λ D above the liquid surface. The ion mass of this plasma can be shown to have no effect on the dynamics of the system by adopting a dimensionless normalisation of the plasma equations as in [20]. However the plasma density and electron temperature are important in determining the behaviour of the plasma-liquid interface; the plasma Bond number…”

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confidence: 99%

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Simulated dynamics of a plasma-sheath-liquid interface*

2019

Self Cite

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The discovery of a highly-charged sheath region at the boundary between a plasma and a surface is one of the earliest and most important discoveries in plasma science. However sheath physics has almost always been omitted from studies of the dynamics of plasma-facing liquid surfaces which are rapidly assuming a pivotal role in numerous industrial and fusion applications. This paper presents full simulations of the plasma-sheath-liquid interface and finds good agreement with theoretical stability limits and experimental observations of cone formation and pulsed droplet ejection. Consideration of sheath physics is strongly encouraged in all future studies of plasma-liquid interactions.Plasma-liquid interactions occur in a diverse and ever-increasing range of technological applications such as advanced materials processing, spacecraft propulsion, nanoparticle synthesis, chemical catalysis, plasma medicine, food treatment and water purification [1-3]. Furthermore there is increasing recognition of their role in magnetic fusion devices where the intense heat loads of the fusion plasma can cause melting and permanent damage to the metal walls [4,5]. One intriguing development is to coat the plasma-facing walls with liquid lithium which enables self-replenishment of any eroded material [6][7][8]. The production of liquid droplets is observed from both accidentally-melted and intentionally-molten metal surfaces [9,10].Maintaining the stability of the plasma-liquid interface remains a crucial challenge in these new technologies and, accordingly, has received widespread attention: Kelvin-Helmholtz [11], Rayleigh-Taylor [12] and Rayleigh-Plateau [13] instabilities, as well as droplet ejection from liquid splashing [14] or the bursting of surface bubbles [15], have all been identified as potential causes of surface disruption and droplet ejection. However all of these studies have neglected the fundamental role of the plasma sheath at the plasma-liquid interface. Langmuir's discovery of this sheath region, and the large electric fields contained within it, is one of the earliest discoveries in plasma science [16]; it is, therefore, surprising that sheath effects have only recently been theoretically investigated with a linear perturbation analysis [17]. This paper expands on this theoretical work by developing complementary numerical simulations. Comparisons are drawn between theory, simulation and relevant experimental observations.The linear perturbation theory in [17] took the simple Bohm model of a plasma sheath [18,19] which comprises a collisionless cold-ion fluid, with density n, velocity u and individual ion mass m i , and Boltzmanndistributed electrons, with temperature T e and sheath-edge density n 0 , which interact with each other and a conducting wall via the electrostatic field E as described by the potential f. The corresponding sheath equations are * Substantial portions of this paper are adapted from section 4.2 of the first author's recent PhD thesis.

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Numerical implementation of a cold-ion, Boltzmann-electron model for nonplanar plasma-surface interactions

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Enhancing the Properties of Photocatalysts via Nonthermal Plasma Modification: Recent Advances, Treatment Variables, Mechanisms, and Perspectives

Enhancing the Properties of Photocatalysts via Nonthermal Plasma Modification: Recent Advances, Treatment Variables, Mechanisms, and Perspectives

Kinetic Solvers with Adaptive Mesh in Phase Space for Low-Temperature Plasmas

Simulated dynamics of a plasma-sheath-liquid interface*

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