Numerical investigation of expandable graphite suppression on metal-based fire

Cordeiro, Ivan Miguel De Cachinho; Liu, Hengrui; Yuen, Anthony; Chen, Timothy Bo Yuan; Li, Ao; Cao, Rui; Yeoh, Guan Heng

doi:10.1007/s00231-021-03097-8

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The solid pyrolysis model was developed with user-defined functions (UDF) which describe the solid thermal degradation process and porous properties of the sample. UDF allows customization for boundary conditions [ 52 ], material properties [ 53 , 54 ], source terms [ 4 ] and model parameters [ 55 , 56 ]. The Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-viscosity was employed to resolve the subgrid-scale eddies, and the Moss-Brookes semi-empirical soot model was implemented to handle the soot concentration within the cone computational domain [ 57 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation towards Coupling Molecular Dynamics with Computational Fluid Dynamics for Modelling Polymer Pyrolysis

et al. 2022

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Building polymers implemented into building panels and exterior façades have been determined as the major contributor to severe fire incidents, including the 2017 Grenfell Tower fire incident. To gain a deeper understanding of the pyrolysis process of these polymer composites, this work proposes a multi-scale modelling framework comprising of applying the kinetics parameters and detailed pyrolysis gas volatiles (parent combustion fuel and key precursor species) extracted from Molecular Dynamics models to a macro-scale Computational Fluid Dynamics fire model. The modelling framework was tested for pure and flame-retardant polyethylene systems. Based on the modelling results, the chemical distribution of the fully decomposed chemical compounds was realised for the selected polymers. Subsequently, the identified gas volatiles from solid to gas phases were applied as the parent fuel in the detailed chemical kinetics combustion model for enhanced predictions of toxic gas, charring, and smoke particulate predictions. The results demonstrate the potential application of the developed model in the simulation of different polymer materials without substantial prior knowledge of the thermal degradation properties from costly experiments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation towards Coupling Molecular Dynamics with Computational Fluid Dynamics for Modelling Polymer Pyrolysis

et al. 2022

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“…Under the Eulerian-Lagrangian framework, computational fluid dynamics coupled with discrete phase model (CFD-DPM) is a viable approach to predict the complex interactive fire behaviours associated with suppression effects. This approach has been widely employed for numerical fire suppression studies [34][35][36][37][38]. In this study, Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) version 6.7.4 has been employed to simulate a compartment fire with droplet suppression effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Large Eddy Simulation Modelling of Water Suppression Systems Droplet Impact and Coverage Area

Cordeiro

Liu

Yuen

et al. 2022

Fire

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In this article, a collective database from validated numerical simulation has been established to study the suppression effects of water-based suppression systems under a single-compartment fire scenario at various suppression configurations and fire locations. Five fuel locations along the axis between the centre and corner of the room were configurated to dynamically analyse how the horizontal distance between the nozzle and fuel pan affects the heat release rate (HRR), temperature cooling phenomena at different heights and also the velocity profile. Throughout the fuel pan relocations, the water-mist system has achieved an average suppression time of 25 s for all the locations, it was found that the water mist system can effectively control the fire under 200 °C that is distanced over 2 m spanwise displacement from the nozzle against the fire, while the sprinkler has exhibited an excellent fuel surface cooling effect due to large momentum and heat capacity within the coverage area with an average suppression time of 50 s. The results of this study have further explored the spray coverage and droplet penetrability of different suppression systems at different locations corresponding to the fire source, and the quantitative assessment of fuel locations could also contribute to the future development of performance-based fire safety designs.

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“…Mathematical equations are applied to describe the fluid motion by physical characterization, usually in partial differential form, called governing equations. These applications encompass performance assessment, behavioral predictions, and the substitution of impractical tests, such as those involving fire dynamics [65][66][67][68], chemical mechanisms and transportation of soot particles [69][70][71][72][73], contribution toward numerical database for fire safety standards [74][75][76][77][78][79], etc. Therefore, understanding the fundamental thermal degradation kinetics will contribute to thermal runaway analysis in the battery-CFD modelling framework.…”

Section: Cfd Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Numerical Study of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Air-Cooling Systems towards Thermal Safety

Li,

Wang,

Cen

et al. 2024

Fire

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Given the growing demand for increased energy capacity and power density in battery systems, ensuring thermal safety in lithium-ion batteries has become a significant challenge for the coming decade. Effective thermal management plays a crucial role in battery design optimization. Air-cooling temperatures in vehicles often vary from ambient due to internal ventilation, with external air potentially overheating due to vehicle malfunctions. This article highlights the efficiency of lateral side air cooling in battery packs, suggesting a need for further exploration beyond traditional front side methods. In this study, we examine the impact of three different temperature levels and two distinct air-cooling directions on the performance of an air-cooling system. Our results reveal that the air-cooling direction has a more pronounced influence compared with the air-cooling temperature. By employing an optimal air-cooling direction and ambient air-cooling temperature, it is possible to achieve a temperature reduction of approximately 5 K in the battery, which otherwise requires a 10 K decrease in the air-cooling temperature to achieve a similar effect. Therefore, we propose an empirical formula for air-cooling efficiency under various conditions, aiming to provide valuable insights into the factors affecting air-cooling systems for industrial applications toward enhancing the fire safety of battery energy storage systems.

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Numerical investigation of expandable graphite suppression on metal-based fire

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

An Investigation towards Coupling Molecular Dynamics with Computational Fluid Dynamics for Modelling Polymer Pyrolysis

An Investigation towards Coupling Molecular Dynamics with Computational Fluid Dynamics for Modelling Polymer Pyrolysis

On the Large Eddy Simulation Modelling of Water Suppression Systems Droplet Impact and Coverage Area

A Comparative Numerical Study of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Air-Cooling Systems towards Thermal Safety

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